Test 2 Vascular Problems Flashcards
High Blood Pressure is most common in this group…
Is this trend going down year-by-year
Black females 42.9 %
Black Male 40.3%
The trend is increasing in High Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure Categories
Normal
Elevated
HTN Stage 1
HTN Stage 2
Hypertensive Crisis
Normal <120/ <80
Elevated 120- 129 / <80
HTN Stage1 130 - 139 / 80 - 89
HTN Stage 2 >140 / OR > 90
Hypertensive Crisis >180 and /or >120
Define Blood Pressure
120- 129 / <80
Elevated
Define BP
130 - 139 / 80 - 89
HTN Stage 1
Define blood pressure
> 140 / OR > 90
HTN Stage 2
Define blood pressure
> 180 and /or >120
Hypertensive Crisis
Define “Resistant” HTN
Elevated despite treatment with 3 or more antihypertensive meds
HTN Urgency Define reading…
HTN Emergency Define reading…
> 180 & or >120
> 180 + Target organ damage & or >120 + Target organ damage
BP control systems
Define how they work
Arterial baroreceptors…..
Renal blood flow….
RAAS…..
Vascular Auto-Regulation….
Arterial baroreceptors (Sense Pressure)
Renal blood flow (Retention or Diuresis)
RAAS (Na & H²O Retention)
Vascular Auto-Regulation (Auto-Regulation)
Cause of Essential HTN…
Cause of Secondary HTN…
Essential: No known cause
Secondary:
Diseases (Kidney/adrenal, Aortic Narrow, Brain, Obstructive Sleep Apnea)
Meds: Estrogen, Steroids, Sympathetic
Food (High Cholesterol)
Chlorothiazide
Chlorothalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Metolazone
Tyoe of med…
Action….
Avoid with these health issues…
Teaching….
Thiazide diuretics
Prevents Na & H2O Reabsorption in distal tubules. Increase K excretion
Avoid with: Gout, hyponatremia, bipolar disorder
Teaching: Replace K & Can increase BS if diabetic
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic Acid
Examples of which med…
Loop Diuretic
Amiloride
Eplerenone
Spironolactone
Triamterene
Type of medication….
K sparing Diuretucs
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Nicardipine
What is special about these CCBs
Dihydropyridines (DHPs):
Used to control HTN
Name 3 CCB that are used to control HTN
Dihydropyridines
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Nicardipine
Verify K levels before giving which meds. SATA
Hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide
Spironolactone
Lisinopril
All the above
(Prevent Hypokalemia)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide
(Prevent Hyperkalemia)
Spironolactone
Lisinopril
ACE Inhibitors Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs. This can cause..
Unrelating cough
Alpha blockers
Prazosin
Doxazosin
Terazosin
(3) affects beside lower BP
Give (3)
Lower LDL
Increase sensitivity to insulin
Prevents vasoconstriction
Central Alpha Blockers (Lower BP)
Methyldopa
Clonidine
SE….
Somnolence & Dry mouth
Central alpha blockers (Lower BP)
SE: Somnolence & Dry mouth
Give 2 examples….
Methyldopa
Clonidine
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Nitroprusside
Type of medications….
Action…..
Direct Vasodilators
Action: Vasodilates arterial smooth muscle
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Nitroprusside
Direct Vasodilators
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Nitroprusside
*Start Low & slow increase dose
SE: (4)
Use:
SE
Reflex Tachycardia
Orthostatic hypotension
Headache
Facial Flushing
Use: Lower BP
Direct Renin Inhibitor
Aliskiren
Action….
Inhibits Renin to lower BP
Aliskiren
Action: Inhibits Renin in blood stream to lower BP
Class….
Direct Renin Inhibitor