Week 1 -Introduction Flashcards
What do we need in order to live a healthy life?
- Fresh air
- Safe food
- Safe water
- Safe occupation
- Clean environment
✓ No pests
✓ No wastes
How do human health issues occur?
If we are exposed to unsafe factors, such as polluted:
✓ air
✓ Food
✓ water
✓ soil
✓ chemical hazards
✓ dangerous radiations
✓ climate change
What body systems transport our basic human needs from the outside in?
Specialized body systems to import those basic
(gaseous, liquid, & solid) human needs from the
environment to satisfy their inner body needs
1. Lung is assigned to work on air
2. GIT is assigned to work on:
✓ Liquid (water)
✓ food nutrients
3. Skin is assigned to be a barrier against entry of:
✓ Pests
✓ Wastes
These specialized body systems communicate with the external environment (gaseous, liquid, & solid)
How do disease causing agents enter our body?
How is public health defined?
How is public health different from clinical health?
What is the textbook definition of public health?
PH is the sum of all knowledge to serve, promote,
protect, prevent, & ensure the health of human population
What are the three core missions/functions of public health?
If a solution works, scale up!
List and define the the three core functions and ten essential services of public health.
A. Assessment or surveillance (i.e. collect data/samples): identify the problem
1. Nonstop patrolling/monitoring to identify any unusual societal health problems
2. Investigate the risk factors, prioritize (3P), and diagnose (= causality) the health problems of the population
B. Develop solution/policy to the problem through all stakeholders participation
3. Inform and educate people about the problem
4. Mobilize communities partnerships to create solutions for the health problem
5. Develop and implement solutions, policies, plans, and laws that solve the health problem
C. Assurance: collective action to control and eliminate the problem sustainably
6. Enforce the developed legal/regulatory actions to be respected by everybody
7. Assure access for everybody to the individual services and care
8. Assure a diverse and skilled public health workforce
9. Evaluation if the implemented solution/service has solved the health problem
10. Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health
3P = place, period, and, population
Describe the public health service program #1
Surveillance, patrolling, investigating to see if there is any evidence of sickness or death. Can be airborne, waterborne, foodborne, or vectorborne. We need to register how many people are sick from either respiratory disease, diarrhea, etc. with age, sex, location etc.
We have to collect samples from animals, air they breathe, waste fecal material, water and food, pests in region.
Samples may be related to food, wter, air, and or vector borne pathogen.
Describe the public health service program #2.
✓ prioritize/rank health problems using morbidity & mortality data analysis
Remember the case of COVID-19 as an example concerning the 3 core functions & 10 service
Each year, 56 million people die.
73% die because of…
19% die…
8% die…
Rank based on # of death
Rank based off of air borne, water, vector borne.
E.g. airborne infection kills 1.5 million people.
Basic human needs (clean air, safe food & water,
and clean environment) have not been achieved. Because people are dying
from preventable diseases. Of 56 million annual deaths, about
12.6 million deaths each year (i. e.
1 of 4 people) are attributable to
unhealthy environments
Public health service program #2 also investigates/diagnoses the causality. Explain how.
5 categories that kill people
1. = biological
2. = physical
3. chemical
4. allergen
5. radioactive
More than 800 different pathogens affect people (zoonotic) either through direct contact, airborne, food.
Some just affect adults, women, children, one region, entire world, etc.
Do not have to memorize this slide. Takehome message: even a single pathogen can have different characteritics, properties, or pathways that come to us and cause disease.
Y. pestis = airborne , contagious, bioterrorism agent, zoonotic, reportable, vector borne
If pathogen is not infectious disease, it can be chemical. These chemicals may be pesticides, detergents, toxins, or fungal toxins, etc. Come to people from animals if there is residues in animals, we eat animal –> comes to us in foods.
Allergens can also cause disease.
9 allergens that we know of on earth from food.
Physical hazard: war, flood, earthquake, storms, fires, car accident, etc.
How do you control biological hazards?
Describe the pharmaceutical approach to controlling biological hazards.
Describe the non-pharmaceutical approach to controlling biological hazards.
Food workers when sick should not go to work and be around food sent out for human consumption.
wash food of any viruses or bacteria
cooking to kill pathogen
chill in fridge or freezer to arrest growth
use safe food
never put raw and cooked food together
Describe the solutions used to control chemical hazards.
Why do we test the concentration of chemical hazards in food that is to be distributed to general public?
Describe the solutions used to control physical hazards.
branches are metals
membrane filtration tech is the most up to date
What is an example of public health service program #6.
