Physiology I- Exam 2 - Neurophysiology and Sensory Organs (my own questions) Flashcards
Adrenergic receptor Alpha 1
Stimulatory
2nd messenger is inc of DAG, IP3
Causes Increase of Calcium
Causes: Mydriasis (dilated pupil), contract sphincters, constrict arterioles
Adrenergic Receptor Alpha 2
Inhibitory
2nd messenger is dec cAMP
Causes decrease calcium
Causes: Decreased intestinal motility/ salivation
Adrenergic Receptor Beta 1
Stimulatory
2nd messenger is inc cAMP
Causes increase of Calcium
Causes: Increase HR, contractility/ conduction velocity
Adrenergic Receptor Beta 2
Stimulatory
2nd messenger is inc cAMP
Causes decrease in calcium
Causes: Bronchodialation, inhibition of labor (tocolysis), and relaxes urinary bladder.
Cholinergic M1 Receptor
Stimulatory
Expresses in CNS/Exocrine system
Inc calcium 2nd messenger is inc of DAG/IP3
-Increase salivary/ stomach gland secretion.
Cholinergic M2 Receptor
Inhibitory
Expressed in Heart
2nd Messenger dec cAMP (opens K+ channels)
Decrease Calcium and K+
Decreases heart rate, contractility, conduction
Cholinergic M3 Receptor
Stimulatory, 2nd messenger is inc of DAG/IP3 Occurs in smooth muscle. Inc calcium Causes miosis (constricted pupil), Dilation of Arterioles, Bronchoconstriction, Bladder Constrict, increased stomach and intestinal movement.
Preganglionic neurons are
cholinergic (acetylcholine)
Sympathetic post ganglionic are
adrenergic ( nor epinephrine)
Parasympathetic post ganglionic are
cholinergic (acetylcholine)
adrenal medullla
Does not have pre/post ganglia
What are the three prevertebral ganglia?
inferior mesenteric ganglion
superior mesenteric ganglion
celiac ganglion
Vagus Nerve 10
Largest, provides innervation to lungs, heart, stomach, pancreas, small intestine ect.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Long presynaptic neurons, Short postsynaptic, cranial sacral origin
Sympathetic Nervous System
Short presynaptic neurons, long postsynaptic, thoracolumbar origin.
Merkels corpuscles
Slowly adapting. Touch and pressure sensation.
Pascinians Corpuscles
Rapidly adapting. Pressure and vibration
Messiners corpuscle
Rapid adaptation. Senses touch/ vibration.
Hair follicle sensor
Rapidly adapting. Touch and vibration
Ruffini’s corpuscle
Slow adapting. Pressure
Drugs blocking synthesis of prostaglandins
NSAIDs
Drugs blocking pulse conduction
Local anesthetic ( like lidocaine)
Drugs that block transmission in pain pathways in CNS
Morphine, buprenorphine, ect.
Symptoms of cerebellar disease
Wide based gait, intention tremors, Dysmetria, Asynergia, Nystagmus
Stereocillia moving towards Kinocillia
Depolarization, increased frequency of Action Potentials.
Stereocillia moving away from Kinocillia
Hyper polarization, decrease in frequency of action potentials.
Symptoms of Upper Motor Neuron Disease
No atrophy, no change in EMG, exaggerated reflexes, inappropriate movement
Symptoms of LMN Disease
Atrophy, Paresis/ Paralysis, change to EMG, and loss of segmental/ intersegmental reflexes
Vestibulospinaltract
In medulla/ pons Cranial nerve / cerebellum sensory info. Detects gravity disturbances, responsible for righting reflex.
Rubrospinal tract
Red nucleus. Voluntary skilled movement, sensory to cerebral cortex/ and cerebellum.
Tectospinal tract
Midbrain. Visual, auditory, and somatosenory. Information on position of stimulus. Controls movement of the head towards environmental stimuli
Reticuspinal tract
Pons and medula. Sensory for pain perception. Respiratory, circulation, and antigravity regulation
