Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Physiology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is physiology

A

examines functional dynamics in living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are some levels of organization in biology

A

biochemical, cellular, organ, systemic, organismal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what of physiology did aristotle study

A

dynamics happening inside the bodies of animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what did Galen speculate

A

postulated the flow of blood dynamics in the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what did William Harvey speculate

A

cardiovascular studies and proved Galen was wrong in his theory of blood flow dynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are some factors that can affect biological processes

A

temperature, ph, ion levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how are biological processes impacted by factors such as temp, ph

A

protein and membrane structure, and reaction dynamics since theres changes in kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do physiological processes stabilize the internal environment

A

to maintain constant internal conditions (homeostasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what was C. Bernards work focused on

A

renal and cardiovascular systems in relation to internal environment in animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are two sources comprising body parameters

A

external environment and internally generated changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some internally generated changes in body parameters

A

rest vs exercise, eating vs fasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the clash effect

A

should i conform or should i regulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the graph of temperature conformity look like

A

as external temp increases, internal temp increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is temperature regulation

A

as external temperature increases the internal temperature stays the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

give an example of conformity and regulation in a single species

A

temperature conformity in fish while chloride regulation in the same fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

whats an example of a standard morphological variation

A

eye colour differences in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

whats an example of physiological variation within a population

A

some individuals of same species and same population can show differences in things like oxygen consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

whats an example of genetic diversity of a species

A

a species can have different traits based on external factors. ex field mice size in canada versus mexico

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what did W. Cannon study

A

cybernetics (negative feedback systems)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is cybernetics

A

studies regulatory system operations. constant monitoring of a controlled parameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a negative feedback system

A

positive sensor, control center, negative effector
OR
negative sensor, control sensor positive effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

is positive or negative feedback subject to rapid termination

A

positive is more subject to rapid termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a positive feedback system

A

positive sensor, control center, positive effector
OR
negative sensor, control center, negative effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is a servomechanism

A

error sensing device that uses negative feedback to correct performance of an organism (rapid)

25
Q

what is an example of a servomechanism

A

muscle length, strength output, joint position

26
Q

what is calorimetry used for

A

measuring heat production

27
Q

what is manometry used for

A

indirectly measuring O2 consumption

28
Q

what are ways to measure whole animal metabolism

A

heat production, O2 consumption, CO2 production, Respiratory quotient

29
Q

what is a respiratory quotient

A

CO2 produced/O2 used

30
Q

how do you measure a respiratory quotient

A

its measured in relation to food source intake. (carbs, AA, fatty acids)

31
Q

what is the best fuel source in respect to RQ

A

carbohydrates (RQ=1)

32
Q

what meatbolite (fuel source) has the highest RQ

A

IN SOME malic acid is above 1

33
Q

why does it matter to measure the RQ of an organism

A

gives insight on what their diet and nutrition is like. (if its 0.9 or 0.8 refers to that specific metabolite)

34
Q

describe a basic calorimeter

A

animal in shell, shell surrounded by ice, animals body melts ice and basin below shells collects water for measurement of melt per minute

35
Q

how do endotherms regulate body temperature

A

use elevated level of metabolism to produce most of body heat needed

36
Q

name some endotherms

A

mammals, birds, some insects and fish

37
Q

why is endothermy not preferred

A

high activity needs high food intake (very fuel expensive)

38
Q

what are some physical features endotherms possess

A

more body mass made of endothermic tissues (liver, muscle, heart)

39
Q

what are some cellular differences in endotherms versus ectotherms

A

endotherms have more mitochondria due to higher need to generate ATP

40
Q

what is the ATP generation difference in endo versus ectotherms

A

endotherms and endotherms produce the same number of ATP (same number in bodies at all time) but endotherms go through it faster so the turnover rate much higher

41
Q

what is EPOC

A

excess postexercise oxygen consumption (oxygen debt repayment)

42
Q

when does an organism go into anaerobic

A

in intense exercise all of O2 used before it can be replaces so anaerobic begins to be used

43
Q

what is the max O2 consumption for an organism

A

about 10 fold more than the organisms resting rate

44
Q

what are the types of exercise

A

light submaximal (below max O2), heavy submaximal (at max O2), supramaximal (above max O2)

45
Q

what is energy metabolism

A

sustainable production of ATP to maintain activity

46
Q

what are some flaws of glycolysis

A

glucose is the only fuel, lactic acid formation, pivitol early but quickly wanes

47
Q

why are there fatigue issues associated with glycolysis

A

low efficiency system produces inorganic phosphate that causes fatigue

48
Q

why is aerobic metabolism preferred over glycolysis in exercise

A

can sustain prolonged exercise since its supported more by fatty acids

49
Q

what metabolite supports the body after many hours of vigorous exercise

A

fatty acids mostly and glucose in muscles

50
Q

is endo or ectotherm verts better at aerobic processes

A

endotherms are more efficient due to better gas exchange

51
Q

why do insects DOMINATE at activity over time

A

can have an aerobic scope 50-200x its resting O2

52
Q

what are some other smaller enzyme pathways for reactions

A

energy of activation, substrate to product, induced fit (pyruvic acid to lactic acid)

53
Q

what does maude menten graph show

A

reaction velocity over substrate concentration

54
Q

describe maude menten graph

A

exponental

55
Q

what is Vmax (maude menten)

A

maximum rate of catalysis (saturation)

56
Q

what is Km (maude menten)

A

substrate cencentration needed to reach half vmax (half max rate catalysis)

57
Q

Who is the father of physiology

A

C. Bernard

58
Q

What is glycogenesis

A

Glucose from non-carbs

Animal Physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions