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NUR 325 Patho > WBC disorders > Flashcards

WBC disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is Mononucleosis “Mono” and infection of?

A

B lymphocytes

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2
Q

What is Mononucleosis “Mono” cased by

A

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

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3
Q

Who is the Mononucleosis “Mono” most prevalent in

A

adolescence/young adults

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4
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Mononucleosis “Mono”

A

EBV-contaminated saliva

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5
Q

What is Mononucleosis “Mono”

A

self limiting lymphoproliferative disorder

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6
Q

what is the patho of Mononucleosis “Mono”

A

atypical lymphocytes proliferate

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7
Q

what is the onset of Mononucleosis “Mono”

A

insidious; incubation 4-8 weeks

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8
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of Mononucleosis

A

lymphadenopathy,hepatitis, splenomegaly, extreme fatigue, lethargy

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9
Q

What lab would you see increased in Mononucleosis

A

WBC increased(~ 12-18,000); 95% lymphocytes

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10
Q

What is the acute phase of Mononucleosis

A

2-3 weeks

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11
Q

degree of lethargy for mono

A

2-3 months

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12
Q

treatment of mono

A

symptomatic and suppotive

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13
Q

what is Myelodysplastic Syndrome

A

agroup of related hematologic disorderscharacterized by a change in the quantity and qualityof bone marrow elements

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14
Q

characteristics of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

A

Affects elderly (> 65)

CM: cytopenias
anemia, infection and spontaneous bleeding or bruising

Etiology: unknown, maybe an environmental trigger

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15
Q

what is the diagnostic for Myelodysplastic Syndrome

A

laboratory &bone marrow biopsy

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16
Q

treatment for Myelodysplastic Syndrome

A

Treatment- depends on disease severity- supportive,Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF),erythropoietin, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant

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17
Q

What are leukemias

A

Malignant neoplasms of cells originally derived from a single hematopoietic cell line

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18
Q

characteristics of leukemic cells

A

Are immature and unregulated
(undifferentiated)
Proliferate in bone marrow

Circulate in blood

Infiltrate spleen, lymph nodes

Disease of children and adults

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19
Q

classes of leukemia

A

Acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia (ALL)*

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)**

Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)

Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)

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20
Q

What is the Most common childhood leukemia

A

Acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia (ALL)*

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21
Q

What is the ** Most common leukemia in older adults

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)**

22
Q

cause of Leukemia

A

Unkown; adults may be increased with exposure to radiation

23
Q

4 parts - What is the patho of leukemic cells

A

Are an immature type of WBC​
Capable ofincreased rate of proliferation/have prolongedlife span​
Cannot perform function of mature leukocytes→are ineffective as phagocytes​
Interfere with maturation of normal bone marrowcells (including RBC & platelets)​

24
Q

Onset of Acute Leukemia

A

Sudden,stormy

25
Q

S/S of acute leukemia

A

related to decreased(mature) WBC, decreased RBC, decreasedplatelets

26
Q

actue leukemia is diagnosised based on what

A

Blood/bone marrow tissue ↔ presence of immature WBC’s (blasts)– may constitute 60-100% of cells

27
Q

onset of chronic leukemia

A

more insidious

28
Q

characteristics of CLL

A

older adults (88.2% 5-year survival rate)
Relatively mature lymphocytes that areimmunologically incompetent
S&S: fatigue, wt loss, anorexia,infections

29
Q

characteristics of CML

A

adults & children (69.7% 5-year survival rate)
Leukocytosiswith immature cell types (presents with increased granulocyte count)
S&S: fatigue, wt loss, diaphoresis, bleeding, abdominal discomfort

30
Q

Treatment of Leukemia

A

Goal – attain remission

Cytotoxic chemotherapy

Stem Cell Transplant

Allogeneic – volunteer donor
Syngeneic – identical twin
Autologous – patient’s own

31
Q

Risks of leukemia treatment

A

Infection

rejection

relapse

32
Q

what are malignant lymphomas

A

Neoplasms of cells derived from lymphoid tissue

33
Q

2 types of malignant lymphomas

A

hodgkin disease

non-hodgkin disease

34
Q

characteristics of hodgkin disease

A

Characterized by painless, progressive, rubberyenlargement of a single node or group of nodes– usually in neck area

35
Q

what cell can be found in a biopsy of hodgkin disease

A

Reed-Stenberg cell – distinctive tumor cellfound with lymph biopsy

36
Q

diagnosis of hodgkin disease

A

peripheral blood analysis, lymphnode biopsy, bone marrow exam, radiographicevaluation (CT, MRI, PET)

37
Q

Factors that interact with hodgkin disease

A

Epstein Barr Virus, geneticpredisposition, exposure to toxins

38
Q

Clinical manifestations of hodgkin disease

A

insidious onset; painless enlarged lymph nodes &other nonspecific symptoms

39
Q

treatments for hodgkin disease

A

Chemotherapy-
Radiation
Stem Cell Transplant

40
Q

non-hodgkin disease

A

Alsoneoplastic disorder of lymphoid tissue

However, spreads early→ liver, spleen & bone marrow

Alsocharacterized by painless, superficiallymphadenopathy; alsoextranodalsymptoms

more common in older adults

41
Q

clinical manifestation of non-hodgkin disease

A

painless lymph node enlargement & non-specific symptoms

42
Q

diagnosis of non-hodgkin disease

A

similar toHodgkinslymphoma; increasedextranodalsites

43
Q

treatment of non-hodgkin disease

A

chemotherapy
radiation
refractorycases- stem cell transplant
Rituximab(Rituxan),ibritumomabtiuxetan(Zevalin),tositumomab(Bexxar) & others

44
Q

What is Multiple Myeloma

A

Plasma cell cancer (B cells)​

Atypical proliferation of one of immunoglobulins, “M protein” – a monoclonal antibody (→ increased osteoclasts;lead to bone destruction/resorption)​

45
Q

Multiple Myeloma is characterized by

A

bone pain/fractures; also symptoms r/t impaired production of RBC & WBC​

46
Q

T/F Multiple myeloma makes the body unable to maintain humoral immunity

A

True

47
Q

Who is more likely to have multiple myeloma

A

men>women
avg age 65
Blacks > whites

48
Q

multiple myeloma clinical manifestations

A

etiology: unknown

CM: slow and insidious, skeletal pain, hypercalcemia

49
Q

diagnostic test for multiple myeloma

A

laboratory, radiographic, bone marrow exam
Monoclonal antibody protein in serum and urine
Pancytopenia
Hypercalcemia
Bence Jones proteins in urine
Elevated serum creatinine
X-rays osteolytic lesions

50
Q

Treatments for multiple myeloma

A

watching, corticosteroids, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, stem cell transplant,biphosphonates; adequate hydration

NUR 325 Patho (18 decks)

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