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NUR 325 Patho > Coagulation Cascade > Flashcards

Coagulation Cascade Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 9 cell components of Blood

A 
Erythrocyte
Leukocyte
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Monocyte/Macrophage
Lymphocyte
Natural killer cells
Platelet
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2
Q

T/F platelets are true cells

A

False

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3
Q

What do platelets contain

A

cytoplasmic granules

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4
Q

what do the cytoplasmic granules release

A

When vessel injury is sensed:

adhesive proteins
coagulation
growth factors

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5
Q

Normal platelet count

A

150,000-400,000

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6
Q

What is it called when you have a platelet count <100,000

A

Thrombocytopenia

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7
Q

where are additional platelets stored

A

in the Spleen

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8
Q

What initiates platelet activation?

A

damage to the blood vessel

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9
Q

What are the 4 steps to platelet activation?

A
  1. Increased platelet adhesion
  2. Activation leading to platelet degranulation
  3. Aggregation as platelet-vascular wall and platelet-platelet adherence increases
  4. Activation of the clotting system
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10
Q

What is the clotting cascade

A

Groups of proteins that when activated form a blood clot

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11
Q

what activates the clotting cascade

A

Activated by tissue injury or infection

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12
Q

what is a blood clot

A

meshwork of protein strands which stabilize the ‘platelet plug’ and trap other cells

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13
Q

what is the primary activator of a blood clot

A

platelets

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14
Q

what is hemostatsis

A

Clot plugs the damaged vessel and stops bleeding

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15
Q

What are protein strands made of?

A

fibrin

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16
Q

Which pathway is thrombin very active in

A

intrinsic pathway

17
Q

What enzyme do we target with medications

A

Thrombin

18
Q

What enzyme do we target with medications

A

Thrombin

19
Q

What is the end goal of the coagulation cascade

A

fibrin strands connected together to form a blockage/tight meshwork of a clot

20
Q

What is Anti-thrombin III (AT III)

A

a circulating inhibitor of thrombin (stop the clotting process)

21
Q

what is Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)

A

inhibits factor Xa

22
Q

What is in blood

A

plasma 55%

blood cells 45%

23
Q

What is plasma

A

mostly water
Large number of proteins
electrolytes

24
Q

What proteins make up plasma

A

albumin
globulins
clotting proteins

25
Q

what is the most abundant clotting protein

A

fibrinogen

26
Q

where are most plasma proteins produced

A

Liver

27
Q

what is Serum

A

plasma WITHOUT clotting factors

28
Q

what is Serum

A

plasma WITHOUT clotting factors

29
Q

What is the process of removing a blood clot?

A

tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) turns plasminogen into plasmin and plasmin digests fibrin into smaller pieces

30
Q

What are the 5 coagulation therapy Goals

A

Prevent clot formation

Break apart existing clot

Can help increase circulation and perfusion

Decrease pain

Prevent further tissue damage

NUR 325 Patho (18 decks)

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