Coagulation Cascade Flashcards
What are the 9 cell components of Blood
Erythrocyte Leukocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Monocyte/Macrophage Lymphocyte Natural killer cells Platelet
T/F platelets are true cells
False
What do platelets contain
cytoplasmic granules
what do the cytoplasmic granules release
When vessel injury is sensed:
adhesive proteins
coagulation
growth factors
Normal platelet count
150,000-400,000
What is it called when you have a platelet count <100,000
Thrombocytopenia
where are additional platelets stored
in the Spleen
What initiates platelet activation?
damage to the blood vessel
What are the 4 steps to platelet activation?
- Increased platelet adhesion
- Activation leading to platelet degranulation
- Aggregation as platelet-vascular wall and platelet-platelet adherence increases
- Activation of the clotting system
What is the clotting cascade
Groups of proteins that when activated form a blood clot
what activates the clotting cascade
Activated by tissue injury or infection
what is a blood clot
meshwork of protein strands which stabilize the ‘platelet plug’ and trap other cells
what is the primary activator of a blood clot
platelets
what is hemostatsis
Clot plugs the damaged vessel and stops bleeding
What are protein strands made of?
fibrin
Which pathway is thrombin very active in
intrinsic pathway
What enzyme do we target with medications
Thrombin
What enzyme do we target with medications
Thrombin
What is the end goal of the coagulation cascade
fibrin strands connected together to form a blockage/tight meshwork of a clot
What is Anti-thrombin III (AT III)
a circulating inhibitor of thrombin (stop the clotting process)
what is Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
inhibits factor Xa
What is in blood
plasma 55%
blood cells 45%
What is plasma
mostly water
Large number of proteins
electrolytes
What proteins make up plasma
albumin
globulins
clotting proteins
what is the most abundant clotting protein
fibrinogen
where are most plasma proteins produced
Liver
what is Serum
plasma WITHOUT clotting factors
what is Serum
plasma WITHOUT clotting factors
What is the process of removing a blood clot?
tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) turns plasminogen into plasmin and plasmin digests fibrin into smaller pieces
What are the 5 coagulation therapy Goals
Prevent clot formation
Break apart existing clot
Can help increase circulation and perfusion
Decrease pain
Prevent further tissue damage
