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NUR 325 Patho > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Homeo means

A

same

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2
Q

stasis means

A

stable

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3
Q

homeostasis is

A

Ideal set point in the body

Where balance is achieved

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4
Q

Allo means

A

Variable or different

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5
Q

Allostasis addresses

A

the need to alter “set-points” based on certain situations

Anticipation of increased demand

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6
Q

Allostasis involves

A

altering multiple physiologic variables to match demands

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7
Q

2 types of stress

A

physical or psychological

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8
Q

force causing stress is called

A

stressor

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9
Q

What is Eustress

A

Positive reaction of the body

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10
Q

What is distress

A

negative reaction

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11
Q

What influences response to stress

A 
Genetics
Culture
Prior experiences/ Environment
Pre-existing health status
Allostatic state
Ability to manage stress
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12
Q

what is general adaptation syndrome

A

A similar response by the body no matter what the stressor

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13
Q

What 3 processes do we go through during General Adapttation syndrome

A

Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion

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14
Q

What 3 characteristics define Alarm

A

initial state of arousal

Body’s initial defense mechanism

fight or flight response

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15
Q

what hormone does the hypothalamus secrete to initiate the fight or flight response

A

CRH Corticotropin Releasing hormone

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16
Q

What does CRH activate

A

Sympathetic nervous system
(adrenergic response)
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis

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17
Q

what does the SNS activate

A

adrenal medulla

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18
Q

what does the adrenal medulla release

A

norepinephrine

epinepherine

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19
Q

What does norepinephrine do

A

primary Constricts smooth muscle in our blood vessels

regulates blood flow through the tissues

distributes to organs

Maintains blood pressure by constricting smooth muscles blood vessels

dialate pupils

decrease gastric secretion

inhibits insulin secretion

works on pancreas

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20
Q

what does epinephrine do

A 
enhances heart contractility
cardiac output
venous return
rate
relaxes smooth muscles
dialates airways
stimulats liver to increase glycogenolysis
inhibits insulin secretion from pancreas
influences production of cytokines
21
Q

In the HPA Axis what does CRH stimulate

A

Anterior pituitary

22
Q

Stimulation of the anterior pituitary stimulates what

A

ACTH

23
Q

ACTH stimulates what

A

adrenal cortex

24
Q

ACTH tells the adrenal cortex to make what

A

glucocorticoids

25
Q

what is the primary glucocorticoid produced

A

cortisol

26
Q

Cortisol increases what

A

cardiac output and blood pressure

levels of amino acids

27
Q

cortisol decreases what

A

luteinizing hormones, estradiol,progesterone, and testosterone

28
Q

cortisol atrophys what

A

lymph tissues

29
Q

cortisol causes a limited increase in what

A

WBC response

30
Q

what is the primary mineralocorticoid

A

Aldosterone

31
Q

what does aldersterone do

A

works in kidneys to absorb sodium, excrete potassium and hydrogen ions

promotes fluid retention

increases extracellular volume

increases BP

32
Q

what do glucocorticoids promote

A

synthesis of epinephrine

33
Q

catecholamines and glucocorticoids work together to promote what

A

development of memory

teaches brain how to respond to stress in future

34
Q

resistance

A

counteract the effects of continued stressor on the body

35
Q

SNS activation causes what response

A

adrenergic response

36
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system activation causes what respones

A

cholinergic response

37
Q

What 2 ways is resistance met

A

counteract effects of continued stress

stressor is removed - relaxation

38
Q

What is exhaustion

A

stressor is not relieved

Body can bo longer achieve homeostasis

depleted energy stores

inability to adapt

39
Q

what areas can not maintain homeostasis

A

hypertrophy of adrenal cortex

atrophy of lymphatic tissue

40
Q

Chronic stress can have a negative impact on what

A

physical and mental well being

41
Q

cortisol can cause what in chronic stress

A

immunosuppression

decreased response of WBC

atrophy of thymus

decreased T-cells

42
Q

chronic stress can cause excessive what

A

catecholamine response

43
Q

Allostatic overload or chronic stress problems

A 
Hair loss
Tension
Mouth sores
Asthma 
Palpitations
Tics
Digestive disorders
Irritable bladder
Acne
Irregular periods
Impotence
Sleep disturbances
44
Q

Sleep deprivation can cause

A 
Irritability and moodiness 
Apathy
Impaired memory
Poor judgement
Hallucinations can develop
45
Q

stress can play factors in what diseases

A 
Coronary artery disease
Hypertension
Stroke
Tension headaches
Rheumatoid arthritis 
Autoimmune diseases
Irritable bowel syndrome
Ulcers
Sexual disorders
Type 2 DM
46
Q

over production of stress hormones can cause what

A

Increased risk of infection
Autoimmune disorders
Decreased healing
Prolongation of existing infections

47
Q

Cortisol helps what

A

CHO and glucose metabolism

48
Q

Cortisol characteristics

A 
Effects are opposite of insulin
Supply glucose to the brain
Gluconeogenesis
Decreased peripheral glucose utilization
Inhibit glucose uptake by muscles and adipose tissue
Promote glucose storage – glycogen
Protein metabolism
Fat redistribution

NUR 325 Patho (18 decks)

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