Stress Flashcards
Homeo means
same
stasis means
stable
homeostasis is
Ideal set point in the body
Where balance is achieved
Allo means
Variable or different
Allostasis addresses
the need to alter “set-points” based on certain situations
Anticipation of increased demand
Allostasis involves
altering multiple physiologic variables to match demands
2 types of stress
physical or psychological
force causing stress is called
stressor
What is Eustress
Positive reaction of the body
What is distress
negative reaction
What influences response to stress
Genetics Culture Prior experiences/ Environment Pre-existing health status Allostatic state Ability to manage stress
what is general adaptation syndrome
A similar response by the body no matter what the stressor
What 3 processes do we go through during General Adapttation syndrome
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
What 3 characteristics define Alarm
initial state of arousal
Body’s initial defense mechanism
fight or flight response
what hormone does the hypothalamus secrete to initiate the fight or flight response
CRH Corticotropin Releasing hormone
What does CRH activate
Sympathetic nervous system
(adrenergic response)
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis
what does the SNS activate
adrenal medulla
what does the adrenal medulla release
norepinephrine
epinepherine
What does norepinephrine do
primary Constricts smooth muscle in our blood vessels
regulates blood flow through the tissues
distributes to organs
Maintains blood pressure by constricting smooth muscles blood vessels
dialate pupils
decrease gastric secretion
inhibits insulin secretion
works on pancreas
what does epinephrine do
enhances heart contractility cardiac output venous return rate relaxes smooth muscles dialates airways stimulats liver to increase glycogenolysis inhibits insulin secretion from pancreas influences production of cytokines
In the HPA Axis what does CRH stimulate
Anterior pituitary
Stimulation of the anterior pituitary stimulates what
ACTH
ACTH stimulates what
adrenal cortex
ACTH tells the adrenal cortex to make what
glucocorticoids
what is the primary glucocorticoid produced
cortisol
Cortisol increases what
cardiac output and blood pressure
levels of amino acids
cortisol decreases what
luteinizing hormones, estradiol,progesterone, and testosterone
cortisol atrophys what
lymph tissues
cortisol causes a limited increase in what
WBC response
what is the primary mineralocorticoid
Aldosterone
what does aldersterone do
works in kidneys to absorb sodium, excrete potassium and hydrogen ions
promotes fluid retention
increases extracellular volume
increases BP
what do glucocorticoids promote
synthesis of epinephrine
catecholamines and glucocorticoids work together to promote what
development of memory
teaches brain how to respond to stress in future
resistance
counteract the effects of continued stressor on the body
SNS activation causes what response
adrenergic response
Parasympathetic nervous system activation causes what respones
cholinergic response
What 2 ways is resistance met
counteract effects of continued stress
stressor is removed - relaxation
What is exhaustion
stressor is not relieved
Body can bo longer achieve homeostasis
depleted energy stores
inability to adapt
what areas can not maintain homeostasis
hypertrophy of adrenal cortex
atrophy of lymphatic tissue
Chronic stress can have a negative impact on what
physical and mental well being
cortisol can cause what in chronic stress
immunosuppression
decreased response of WBC
atrophy of thymus
decreased T-cells
chronic stress can cause excessive what
catecholamine response
Allostatic overload or chronic stress problems
Hair loss Tension Mouth sores Asthma Palpitations Tics Digestive disorders Irritable bladder Acne Irregular periods Impotence Sleep disturbances
Sleep deprivation can cause
Irritability and moodiness Apathy Impaired memory Poor judgement Hallucinations can develop
stress can play factors in what diseases
Coronary artery disease Hypertension Stroke Tension headaches Rheumatoid arthritis Autoimmune diseases Irritable bowel syndrome Ulcers Sexual disorders Type 2 DM
over production of stress hormones can cause what
Increased risk of infection
Autoimmune disorders
Decreased healing
Prolongation of existing infections
Cortisol helps what
CHO and glucose metabolism
Cortisol characteristics
Effects are opposite of insulin Supply glucose to the brain Gluconeogenesis Decreased peripheral glucose utilization Inhibit glucose uptake by muscles and adipose tissue Promote glucose storage – glycogen Protein metabolism Fat redistribution
