Wbc Abnormalities Flashcards
What are three types of neutrophilia?
Transient, stress, inflammatory
What is an increase in neutrophils called?
Neutrophilia
What is transient neutrophilia causes by?
Adrenaline (epinephrine) as a result if fear, exercise, or excitement
What is the marginal neutrophil pool?
Neutrophils that stick to vessel walls and can enter circulation in response to stimuli
Does transient neutrophilia have a left shift?
No
What is transient neutrophilia common in and rare in?
Common in cats, rare in dogs
What species is stress neutrophilia common in?
Dogs
Is the a left shift in stress neutrophilia?
Usually no
What can steroids do in stress neutrophilia?
Can cause increase in neutrophil transit time and decrease neutrophil movement into tissues
What causes inflammatory neitrophilia?
Tissue demand for phagocytes
What usually causes a greater response of inflammatory neutrophilia?
Localized purulent diseases
Is a left shift common in inflammatory neutrophilia?
Yes
What is a decrease in neutrophils called?
Neutropenia
What are two reasons for neutropenia?
Excessive usage and decreased production
What cause excessive usage neutropenia?
Neutrophil movement into tissues are greater than the bone marrows ability to release them
What are six diseases that can cause neutropenia?
Parvovirus, feline pan leukopenia, distemper, FELV, chemical toxic irises, genetic disorders
What can cause toxic changes in neutrophils?
Toxemia, severe bacterial infections and/or inflammation
What are Doehle bodies?
Blue gray cytoplasmic inclusions
What are four other types of toxic changes in neutrophils?
Diffuse cytoplasmic Basophilic, cytoplasmic vacuoles, increased cell size, toxic granulation
What toxic change in neutrophils are most common in horses?
Toxic granulation
What is an increase in lymphocytes called?
Lymphocytes is
What are three causes of lymphocytes is?
Physiologic ( same as neutrophilia), chronic infections, lymphosarcoma
What is a left shift?
7300 bands/ul
What can calm someone does when stressed?
Corticosteroids
What’s the difference between toxic neutrophils and monocytes?
Toxic neutrophils will have a dark, dense nuclear
Do enlarged lymph nodes mean lymphocytosis?
Not necessarily
What is a decrease in lymphocytes mean?
Lymphopenia
What are four causes of lymphopenia?
Stress/corticosteroid
Loss of lymph
Immunodeficiency
Impaired lymphopoiesis
Describe stress/corticosteroid lymphopenia
Occurs in pain, stressful disorders or debilitating diseases
When will steroid therapy cause maximum decrease with lymphopenia?
2-4 hours
When will lymphocytes return to normal after steroid therapy in lymphopenia?
24 hours
How long is required for lymphocytes to return to normal after stopping log term steroid therapy?
2-3 days
Describe loss of lymph lymphopenia
Ruptured or damaged lymph ducts
What are two immunodeficiency diseases that cause lymphopenia in cats?
FELV and FIV
What immuno deficient disease causes lymphopenia in other species?
Congenital T cell immuno deficiencies
What can cause impaired lymphopoiesis? 4
Cancer, chemotherapy, prolonged steroid treatment, irradiation
What is the most common finding in animal leukograms?
Lymphopenia
How many dogs and cats die of lymphopenia?
1/3 of dogs and 1/2 of cats
What is an increase of monocytes called?
Monocytes is
What are two causes of monocytosis?
Corticosteroid/stress and tissue demand
What is seen with stress induced monocytosis? 3
Neutrophilia w/I left shift
Lymphopenia
Eosinopenia
What species is stress monocytosis common in?
Dogs
Describe tissue demand of monocytosis
Demand for phagocytosis of large particulate debris and conditions of increased cellular immunity
What can cause tissue demand in monocytosis? 4
Purulent infections: pyrometers, necrosis, internal hemorrhage, hemolytic disease
What is a decrease in monocytes called?
Monocytopenia
What two leukograms are not clinically useful?
Monocytopenia and Basopenia
What is an increase in eosinophils called?
Eosinophilia
What causes eosinophilia?
Not sure
What does eosinophilia result from?
Antigen-antibody interaction in the tissues (skin, lungs, GI)
When is eosinophilia seen?
Parasite infections or when host tissue/parasite contact is long
Does finding parasites in decal of adult animal cause for increase?
Not always
What is a decrease in eosinophils called?
Eosinopenia
What can cause eosinopenia?
Corticosteroids
When will corticosteroids cause eosinopenia?
2-3 hours after administration
When will pretreatment levels of eosinopenia return? Shirt term and longn term
24 hours short, 72 hours long term
What so you call an increase in basophils?
Basophilia
What can you see Basophilia with?
Hyperlipidemia and eosinophilia during disorders of long standing antibody stimulation
What is chronic dirofilarious?
Long standing antibody stimulation
