Erythrocyte Abnormalities Flashcards
What are the signs of anemia? (6)
Decreased exercise tolerance, lethargy, depression, pale mucous membranes, increased heart and respiration times
What is anemia?
Characterized by decreased RBC, PVC, or decreased ability to transport 02 to the tissues
How are anemias classified?
Morphology, disease symptoms and bone marrow response.
Can you classify anemia with only one criteria?
No
What are the three indices?
MCV, MCHC, MCH
What is MCV?
Cell size, micro, macro, or normocryptic
What is MCHC?
Stain intensity, normo or hypochromic
What is MCH?
No practical value, lab quality control.
Based on bone marrow response what can you conclude?
Regenerative or non-regenerative
What is regenerative anemia?
Erythropoiesis is taking place and bone marrow is responding to anemia
What will you see with increased erythropoiesis?
Increase in immature RBC in circulation
What can point to regenerative anemia?
Reticulocytes, increased polychromasia, anisocytosis, and erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow
What can the ability for the bone marrow to respond indicate?
Hemorrhage or hemolysis
How long does it take for a regenerative response to be seen in blood?
2-5 days
What is non-regenerative anemia?
Bone marrow is unable to respond
What will you not see with non-regenerative anemia?
Polychromasia and reticulocytosis
What can cause non regenerative anemia?
Decreased erythropoietin, inadequate bone marrow response, or ineffective RBC production
What is the most common cause if non regenerative anemia in cats?
FeLV
If there are Nucleated RBC but no Reticulocytes what does thine mean?
Bone marrow disease such as FIV, Cancer, or viral
What are five types of anemia?
Hemorrhagic, iron deficiency, Vit B12/frolic acid deficiency, aplastic.
What is hemorrhagic anemia?
Results from loss of substantial quantities of blood.
How long can it take to recover from hemorrhagic anemia?
1-2 weeks by erythropoiesis
What can macro/hypo hemorrhagic anemia indicate?
Remission
What will the indices look like in hemorrhagic anemia?
Increased MCV, decreased MCHC
What is iron deficiency anemia?
Excessive loss, deficient intake, or poor absorption of iron.
What will the RBC look like in iron deficient anemia?
Small and contain less hemoglobin
What breed has cells that look like iron deficient cells?
Akitas
What is frolic acid deficiency
Inability to absorb adequate amounts of Vit B12
What will the RBC look like with frolic acid deficiency?
Small in number, larger than normal, more fragile
What can cows have that look similar to frolic acid deficiency?
Cobalt deficiency
What is aplastic anemia?
Inadequate production of RBC due to inhibition or destruction if red bone marrow
What can cause aplastic anemia?
Radiation, toxins, medications, chloramphenicol
What is autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Body produces antibodies against antigens on RBC surface. Ab coat RBC surface and the RBC are removed from circulation perminently.
What can accelerated RBC destruction cause?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
What causes autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Can be primary disease or associated with other diseases (bacterial, viral, rickettsial)
What is the most common cause of regerative anemia in dogs?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
What will the RBC look like with autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Spherocytes
