Plasma and RBC Flashcards
How do blood components settle?
According to weight
What are the 9 functions of blood?
Transport nutrients from GI to body tissues Carries O2 from lungs to tissues Carried CO2 from tissues to lungs Carries waste from tissues to kidneys Temperature control Water balance Ph regulation Clotting factors and ability Defense system from disease
What are the four components to while blood?
Plasma, erythrocyte, leukocyte, thrombocytes
How much of plasma is water?
90%
What makes up 10% of plasma?
Dissolved particles such as electrolytes, hormones, waste products, protiens, etc.
What is the function if plasma?
Bathes all cells in body and protects them from external environment and also acts as a buffer to stabilize pH
What are two plasma protiens?
Albumin and globulin
What plasma protien is most abundant and produced by the liver?
Albumin
What is albumin important for?
Binding and transporting
What are the three types of globulin?
Alpha, beta, and gamma
Which globulins are used for transport?
Alpha and mostly beta
What are gamma globulins also known as?
Immunoglobulins or antibodies
Which globulin is not produced in the liver?
Gamma
What globulin is produced by plasma and lymphocytes when stimulates by antigens?
Gamma
What are gamma globulins in charge of?
Immunity and resistance to disease and also provides the immune respone
What does an immune response do?
Antibodies to react against antigens such as bacteria or foreign particles. It will either neutralizes the antigen or helps break it down
What is an antigen?
Protien ID flags, helps identify self from non self
What are antibodies?
Produced to neutralize foreign antigens
What is the function of plasma protiens?
Transportation, clotting, immune response, buffering (helps prevent changes in pH)
What is serum?
Plasma - fibrinogen and clotting factors
What type of tube would be used for getting serum?
A red top tube
What shape are erythrocytes?
Bi concave discs
What is the central palor?
Where cell is thinnest in the middle
Why are rbc shaped like they are?
Allows more surface area
What is essential to the transport of oxygen and co2?
Hemoglobin
What is serum?
Plasma - fibrinogen and clotting factors
What type of tube would you use for serum?
Red top tube
What shape do RBC’s have?
Bi concave
Why do RBC’s have a central palor?
For more surface area
What is the function of RBC’s?
Specialized for O2 transport
How many hemoglobins does a RBC have?
300 million
What is hemoglobin made up of?
1protien 4 non protiens
How many iron atoms are on one hemoglobin?
Four
How many oxygen molecules are on one hemoglobin?
Four
What is the term for a hemoglobin that has combined with oxygen?
Oxyhemoglobin
What is hemoglobin also responsible for?
Co2 transport
What does the Co2 combine with for transport on a hemoglobin?
Protien globin
What do undifferentiated stem cells produce?
All formed elements of blood
What is puripotent?
Capable of becoming many different types of cells
Where are stem cells found?
Inside red bone marrow
What happens in general as cells mature?
They become smaller and lose their nucleus
What does blue cytoplasm mean?
Younger red blood cells that contain large amounts of RNA
What makes young RBCs blue?
RNA
What is the nucleoli?
Dark spot on the nucleus of a young RBC
What does a nucleoli mean?
Signs of Metabolic growth and activity
What regulates erythropoiesis?
Erythropoietin
What is erythropoietin?
Hormone produced by the kidneys
What can stimulate eruthropoiesis?
Decreased oxygen or hemoglobin concentration
What type of RBC has a nucleoli, linear chromatin, and a distinct blue tint?
Rubriblast
What type of RBC has a coarsening of chromatin, disappearing nucleoli and a reddish tinge from hemoglobin beginning to appear?
Prorubricyte
What would you call a Nucleated RBC?
Metarubricyte
When does a RBC lose it’s nucleus?
Between the metarubricyte and polychromatophil
What does a polychromatophil look like?
No nucleus, blue tinge, larger than a mature RBC.
What will a polychromatophil look like when it is stained?
Basophilic stippling
In a smear what is a normal amount of polychromatophils to see?
1-2%
What could an increase of chromatophils indicate?
Body responding to decreased RBC’s such as anemia
How long will a polychromatophil circulate before t matures?
1-2 days
What species do not release polychromatophils?
Horses
What do monocytes grow up into?
Macrophages
How long is a RBC life span?
90-120 days
What does the globin break down to?
Amino acids to make new protiens
What does heme recycle to?
Iron is stripped away and the heme is recycled to make new heme
What is left over after the heme and globin have been recycled?
Biliverdin
What is heme - iron?
Biliverdin
What happens to biliverdin?
It gets converted into in conjugated bilirubin, then goes to the liver and becomes conjugated bilirubin, and then becomes bilinogen in feces and uronelinogen in urine
What does bilirubin do?
Emulsifies and breaks down fats
What color is bilirubin?
Yellow
What does rouleaux mean?
Stack of coins that have fallen over. Chain formation
What does crenation mean?
Moisture sucked out and makes cells shrivel up
What do canine RBC look like? (5)
Large, uniform in size, central pallor, rouleaux is fairly common, crenation is not to common
What does feline RBC look like?
Smaller than dogs, crenation is common, mild anisocytosis
What are Howell jolly bodies?
Nuclear remenants
What percent of cells in felines are Howell jolly bodies?
1%
What are hienz bodies?
Denatured hemoglobin
How often do hienz bodies occur?
Approximately 10% of cells
What do equine RBC’s look like?
About the size of cat cells, lack central pallor, rouleaux common
What do bovine RBC’s look like?
About the size of cat cells, anisocytosis is common, slight central pallor, crenation is common
What does ovine blood look like?
Uniformly bi concave, small central concavity, anisocytosis common
What does caprine RBC’s look like?
Sickle shape, smallest of RBC’s in domesticated animals, lack of central pallor, no rouleaux, and poikilocytosis.
What is poikilocytosis?
Variation in shape
What is a depranocyte?
Sickle shaped
