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Hematology > Plasma and RBC > Flashcards

Plasma and RBC Flashcards

0
Q

How do blood components settle?

A

According to weight

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1
Q

What are the 9 functions of blood?

A 
Transport nutrients from GI to body tissues
Carries O2 from lungs to tissues
Carried CO2 from tissues to lungs
Carries waste from tissues to kidneys
Temperature control
Water balance
Ph regulation
Clotting factors and ability
Defense system from disease
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2
Q

What are the four components to while blood?

A

Plasma, erythrocyte, leukocyte, thrombocytes

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3
Q

How much of plasma is water?

A

90%

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4
Q

What makes up 10% of plasma?

A

Dissolved particles such as electrolytes, hormones, waste products, protiens, etc.

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5
Q

What is the function if plasma?

A

Bathes all cells in body and protects them from external environment and also acts as a buffer to stabilize pH

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6
Q

What are two plasma protiens?

A

Albumin and globulin

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7
Q

What plasma protien is most abundant and produced by the liver?

A

Albumin

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8
Q

What is albumin important for?

A

Binding and transporting

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9
Q

What are the three types of globulin?

A

Alpha, beta, and gamma

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10
Q

Which globulins are used for transport?

A

Alpha and mostly beta

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11
Q

What are gamma globulins also known as?

A

Immunoglobulins or antibodies

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12
Q

Which globulin is not produced in the liver?

A

Gamma

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13
Q

What globulin is produced by plasma and lymphocytes when stimulates by antigens?

A

Gamma

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14
Q

What are gamma globulins in charge of?

A

Immunity and resistance to disease and also provides the immune respone

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15
Q

What does an immune response do?

A

Antibodies to react against antigens such as bacteria or foreign particles. It will either neutralizes the antigen or helps break it down

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16
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Protien ID flags, helps identify self from non self

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17
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Produced to neutralize foreign antigens

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18
Q

What is the function of plasma protiens?

A

Transportation, clotting, immune response, buffering (helps prevent changes in pH)

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19
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma - fibrinogen and clotting factors

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20
Q

What type of tube would be used for getting serum?

A

A red top tube

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21
Q

What shape are erythrocytes?

A

Bi concave discs

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22
Q

What is the central palor?

A

Where cell is thinnest in the middle

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23
Q

Why are rbc shaped like they are?

A

Allows more surface area

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24
Q

What is essential to the transport of oxygen and co2?

A

Hemoglobin

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25
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma - fibrinogen and clotting factors

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26
Q

What type of tube would you use for serum?

A

Red top tube

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27
Q

What shape do RBC’s have?

A

Bi concave

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28
Q

Why do RBC’s have a central palor?

A

For more surface area

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29
Q

What is the function of RBC’s?

A

Specialized for O2 transport

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30
Q

How many hemoglobins does a RBC have?

A

300 million

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31
Q

What is hemoglobin made up of?

A

1protien 4 non protiens

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32
Q

How many iron atoms are on one hemoglobin?

A

Four

33
Q

How many oxygen molecules are on one hemoglobin?

A

Four

34
Q

What is the term for a hemoglobin that has combined with oxygen?

A

Oxyhemoglobin

35
Q

What is hemoglobin also responsible for?

A

Co2 transport

36
Q

What does the Co2 combine with for transport on a hemoglobin?

A

Protien globin

37
Q

What do undifferentiated stem cells produce?

A

All formed elements of blood

38
Q

What is puripotent?

A

Capable of becoming many different types of cells

39
Q

Where are stem cells found?

A

Inside red bone marrow

40
Q

What happens in general as cells mature?

A

They become smaller and lose their nucleus

41
Q

What does blue cytoplasm mean?

A

Younger red blood cells that contain large amounts of RNA

42
Q

What makes young RBCs blue?

A

RNA

43
Q

What is the nucleoli?

A

Dark spot on the nucleus of a young RBC

44
Q

What does a nucleoli mean?

A

Signs of Metabolic growth and activity

45
Q

What regulates erythropoiesis?

A

Erythropoietin

46
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

Hormone produced by the kidneys

47
Q

What can stimulate eruthropoiesis?

A

Decreased oxygen or hemoglobin concentration

48
Q

What type of RBC has a nucleoli, linear chromatin, and a distinct blue tint?

A

Rubriblast

49
Q

What type of RBC has a coarsening of chromatin, disappearing nucleoli and a reddish tinge from hemoglobin beginning to appear?

A

Prorubricyte

50
Q

What would you call a Nucleated RBC?

A

Metarubricyte

51
Q

When does a RBC lose it’s nucleus?

A

Between the metarubricyte and polychromatophil

52
Q

What does a polychromatophil look like?

A

No nucleus, blue tinge, larger than a mature RBC.

53
Q

What will a polychromatophil look like when it is stained?

A

Basophilic stippling

54
Q

In a smear what is a normal amount of polychromatophils to see?

A

1-2%

55
Q

What could an increase of chromatophils indicate?

A

Body responding to decreased RBC’s such as anemia

56
Q

How long will a polychromatophil circulate before t matures?

A

1-2 days

57
Q

What species do not release polychromatophils?

A

Horses

58
Q

What do monocytes grow up into?

A

Macrophages

59
Q

How long is a RBC life span?

A

90-120 days

60
Q

What does the globin break down to?

A

Amino acids to make new protiens

61
Q

What does heme recycle to?

A

Iron is stripped away and the heme is recycled to make new heme

62
Q

What is left over after the heme and globin have been recycled?

A

Biliverdin

63
Q

What is heme - iron?

A

Biliverdin

64
Q

What happens to biliverdin?

A

It gets converted into in conjugated bilirubin, then goes to the liver and becomes conjugated bilirubin, and then becomes bilinogen in feces and uronelinogen in urine

65
Q

What does bilirubin do?

A

Emulsifies and breaks down fats

66
Q

What color is bilirubin?

A

Yellow

67
Q

What does rouleaux mean?

A

Stack of coins that have fallen over. Chain formation

68
Q

What does crenation mean?

A

Moisture sucked out and makes cells shrivel up

69
Q

What do canine RBC look like? (5)

A

Large, uniform in size, central pallor, rouleaux is fairly common, crenation is not to common

70
Q

What does feline RBC look like?

A

Smaller than dogs, crenation is common, mild anisocytosis

71
Q

What are Howell jolly bodies?

A

Nuclear remenants

72
Q

What percent of cells in felines are Howell jolly bodies?

A

1%

73
Q

What are hienz bodies?

A

Denatured hemoglobin

74
Q

How often do hienz bodies occur?

A

Approximately 10% of cells

75
Q

What do equine RBC’s look like?

A

About the size of cat cells, lack central pallor, rouleaux common

76
Q

What do bovine RBC’s look like?

A

About the size of cat cells, anisocytosis is common, slight central pallor, crenation is common

77
Q

What does ovine blood look like?

A

Uniformly bi concave, small central concavity, anisocytosis common

78
Q

What does caprine RBC’s look like?

A

Sickle shape, smallest of RBC’s in domesticated animals, lack of central pallor, no rouleaux, and poikilocytosis.

79
Q

What is poikilocytosis?

A

Variation in shape

80
Q

What is a depranocyte?

A

Sickle shaped

Hematology (15 decks)

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