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Clin Lab > WBC > Flashcards

WBC Flashcards

1
Q

Number of WBC

A

4,500-10,000 (cells/ml)

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2
Q

Number of segmented neutrophils

A

54-62%

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3
Q

Number of Band forms

A

3-5% (above 8% indicates left shift)

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4
Q

Number of Basophils

A

0-1 (0-.75%)

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5
Q

Number of Eosinophils

A

0-3 (1-3%)

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6
Q

Number of Lymphocytes

A

24-44 (25-33%)

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7
Q

Number of Monocytes

A

3-6%

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8
Q

Where are all white blood cells made?

A

Bone marrow

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9
Q

How are neutrophils made?

A

Myeloblasts to myelocytes (through mitosis)

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10
Q

How long does maturation of neutrophils take?

A

12 days

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11
Q

How is the maturation of neutrophils unique?

A

• If there is an increased demand- the maturation process can be sped up so that it doesn’t take as long

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12
Q

How long do neutrophils last in circulation?

A

8 hours

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13
Q

Once neutrophils enter the tissue…

A

they never return to circulation

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14
Q

Where do neutrophils migrate?

A

To areas of infection or inflammation

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15
Q

T/F- Neutrophils can be bacteriocidal

A

True

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16
Q

Where are eosinophils attracted to?

A

Invasion from parasites and allergic reactions

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17
Q

What can eosinophils do to parasites?

A

Eosinophils can damage parasites and stop them from reproducing

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18
Q

When do basophils enter tissues?

A

Within several hours from being released into circulation

19
Q

When are the levels of basophils elevated?

A

During hypersensitivity reactions

20
Q

What do basophils bind to?

A

Antigens

21
Q

What is the role of basophils?

A

Breaks down the cytoplasm and releases histamine

22
Q

How long do monocytes take to mature?

A

4 days

23
Q

Are monocytes stored in the marrow?

A

noperssss

24
Q

How long do monocytes spend in the marrow before they enter the tissues?

A

3 days

25
Q

What is the role of monocytes in the tissues?

A
  • Function as macrophages
  • Proliferate into the tissues
  • Remove old RBC from circulation
  • Process and present antigens to T and B lymphocytes
26
Q

These are stem cells from bone marrow

A

Lymphocytes

27
Q

What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?

A

T and B lymphocytes

28
Q

Where do T cells differentiate?

A

Thymus

29
Q

What percentage of lymphocytes are T cells?

A

70-80%

30
Q

What percentage of lymphocytes are B cells?

A

20-30%

31
Q

What 2 groups are T cells divided into?

A

CD4 and CD8

32
Q

These are receptors for signaling helper cells that signal to other immune cells

  • Produce antibodies
  • Activate macrophages
A

CD4

33
Q

These are receptors for cytotoxic T cells

-They know when to kill and destroy a cells

A

CD8

34
Q

These cells undergo differentiation in the bone marrow

A

B cells

35
Q

What can B cells differentiate into? and when?

A

Plasma cells- after they interact with the antigen

36
Q

These cells are part of innate immunity and they can cause lysis without previous antigen exposure

A

NK cells

37
Q

T/F- All types of lymphocytes can move freely between tissues and circulation

A

True

38
Q

Can lymphocytes divide when activated?

A

Yeppers

39
Q

Define differential count

A

The % of each white cell count

40
Q

What can cause falsely high differential counts?

A

Presence of reticulocytes, giant platelets, or parasites that look like WBC

41
Q

What can cause falsely low differential counts?

A

Leukemia or paraproteins

42
Q

When are manual peripheral smears needed?

A
  • To verify results
  • To evaluate for WBC abnormalities
  • To look for suspected low concentrations of abnormal cells
  • To look for parasites and other organisms
43
Q

What are some indications for a bone marrow examination?

A
  • Anemia
  • Leukocytopenia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Leukemia
  • Staging of tumors
  • To obtain culture
  • To support a diagnosis

Clin Lab (23 decks)

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