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Clin Lab > Acid Base > Flashcards

Acid Base Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main goal of acid base

A

Maintaining the bodies normal acid concentration

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2
Q

How is acid base balance achieved?

A
  • Buffers (in ECF and ICF)
  • Respiratory mechanisms that excrete CO2
  • Renal mechanisms that reabsorb bicarb and secrete hydrogen
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3
Q

What is normal arterial blood range

A

7.37 to 7.42

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4
Q

Is arterial pH slightly acidic or alkaline?

A

Alkaline (even tho metabolic processes secrete acid)

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5
Q

What are non-volatile/fixed acids, and example

A
  • Acid is acid and it doesn’t change

- Ex= Sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid

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6
Q

What are volatile acids and example

A

CO2

-these acids are changeable

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7
Q

What are examples of abnormal fixed acids of the body

A
  • Ketoacids
  • Lactic acid
  • Salicylic acid
  • Formic acid
  • Oxalic acid
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8
Q

What is the end product of aerobic metabolism in cells

A

CO2

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9
Q

Is CO2 along an acid

A

NOPEEEE

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10
Q

What is the equation for buffers

A

CO2 + H20 =H2CO3 = H + HCO3

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11
Q

What is the path of CO2 in the body

A
  • Produced by cells
  • Enters venous circulation
  • Carried to the lungs to be expired
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12
Q

How are fixed acids excreted

A

-Filtered by the body fluids until they can be excreted into the kidneys

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13
Q

_____ helps the body fluids resist a change in pH

A

Buffer

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14
Q

What are 2 extacellular buffers

A
  • Bicarb

- Phosphate

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15
Q

Acidemia stimulates ________ and produces an immediate increase in the ventilation rate (aka kusmals breathing)

A

central chemoreceptors

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16
Q

What is the role of the kidneys in acid base balance

A
  • Excrete H

- Replenish HCO3

17
Q

What are examples of intracellular buffers

A
  • Organic phosphtaes

- Proteins (hemoglobin)

18
Q

To utilize intracellular buffers, acid base disturbances have to….

A

Cross the cell membrane by 1 of 3 mechanisms

19
Q

What are the ways that acid crosses the cell membrane

A

-Respiratory acid base disturbances
(CO2 enters the cell and is buffered by intracellular buffers)
-Excess or deficit of fixed acids
(Lactic acidosis- hydrogen and lactate enter the cell together)
-H exchanges with K

20
Q

What do the kidneys do?

A
  • Reabsorb filtered HCO3

- Excrete fixed acids

21
Q

How much of filtered bicarb is reabsorbed by the kidneys

A

99.9%

22
Q

What is the filtered load of bicarb the product of…

A

GFR*Plasma bicarb

23
Q

When does the kidney stop reabsorbing bicarb

A

When plasma bicarb is over 40

24
Q

What is H secreted with urinary buffers

A

Titratable acid

25
Q

What is the most important of the inorganic buffers

A

Inorganic phosphate

26
Q

H is secreted from the cells into the lumen where it combines with _______ to make H2PO4

A

HPO4 -2

27
Q

Describe renal failures effect on metabolic acidosis

A
  • Titratable acid excretion is decreased because GFT is reduced
  • NH4 excretion is decreased second to impaired synthesis of NH3 in diseased renal cells
28
Q

What type of diet should people with renal failure be put on to reduce fixed acid production

A

Low protein

29
Q

This is the difference between measured cations and measured anions

A

Anion gap

30
Q

What is the equation for anion gap

A

Na- (HCO3 +Cl)

31
Q

What is the range for anion gap

A

8-16 meq/L

32
Q

When is the anion gap used

A

-The differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis

33
Q

What causes an increased anion gap

A

MUDPILES

34
Q

What causes a normal anion gap

A

Loss of base (diarrhea)

Clin Lab (23 decks)

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