Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Lab > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What part of a cell does cholesterol make up?

A

The cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What other roles does cholesterol play in the body

A
  • Structural

- Functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The build up of cholesterol can lead to what in the body?

A

Atherosclerosis- and impede blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are cholesterol and fat located in the body?

A

The circulate in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can cholesterol and fat dissolve in water?

A

Nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Since they circulate in the blood (that is mostly water) they are carried on protein packages known as…

A

Apoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Apoprotein + lipid =

A

Lipoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main type of lipoprotein?

A

LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much apoprotein and cholesterol does LDL have?

A

Apoprotein= 25%
Cholesterol= 45%
-Bad cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much apoprotein and cholesterol does HDL have?

A

Apoprotein= 50%
Cholesterol= 20%
-Good cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe LDL

A

-Provides cholesterol that is necessary for body functions but excessive amounts promote accumulation in the artery walls (atherosclerosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of HDL?

A

Remove excess cholesterol from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the desirable ratio of LDL to HDL?

A

Low LDL to high HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is VLDL?

A

-Precursor to LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is VLDL made?

A

In the liver, and it contains a high triglyceride component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the injury theory for high cholesterol and heart disease?

A
  • A thin layer of cells that lines the arteries are damaged
  • High cholesterol hinder the repair process and instead of platelets plugging the damage, the stickiness of the plaque covers the damage and allows other plaque to stick on their too
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A plaque forms when…

A

More cholesterol sticks to the site of injury- this makes the lumen thinner and thinner
-leads to impaired blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is cholesterol needed for?

A
  • Nerve tissues
  • Brain tissue
  • Skin
  • Adrenal glands
  • Liver
19
Q

Cholesterol is the main component in ____ and ________

A

Bile and sex hormones

20
Q

What much cholesterol does the liver produce daily?

A

1000 mg daily

21
Q

What are the 2 major etiologies for high cholesterol?

A
  • Overproduction by the body (rare)

- Excessive intake from the diet

22
Q

What are risk factors for coronary artery disease

A

-Cigarette smoking
-Hypertension
-Low HDL
-High LDL
-Age
-Diabetes
-Sedentary life style
-Obesity
(most factors are modifiable)

23
Q

Should lipid testing be done after acute tissue injury?

A

No- lipids are FALSELY LOW after acute tissue injury

24
Q

What is pregnancies effect on lipid levels?

A

Increase in lipid concentration (don’t test during pregnancy or 9 months after pregnancy)

25
Q

Prepubertal children may have _________ lipid levels

A

FALSELY HIGH

26
Q

Should lipid testing be fasting/non-fasting

A

Fasting for 9-12 hours

27
Q

What is the risk for atherosclerosis based on?

A
  • Lipid profile

- Risk factors for CAD

28
Q

What is the primary target of cholesterol therapy?

A

LDL levels

29
Q

What is an optimal LDL level

A

LDL less than 100

30
Q

What is the optimal total cholesterol?

A

Total cholesterol is less than 200

31
Q

What is the optimal HDL levels?

A

Over 60, women should be over 45 (at least)

-The more HDL the better

32
Q

What do triglyceride levels reflect?

A

The fat in your diet

33
Q

What are normal triglyceride levels?

A

Triglycerides less than 150

34
Q

What are the guidelines for cholesterol if the patient has co-morbidities?

A

More strict…

  • LDL less than 100 w/ one, or less than 70 w/ 2 or more
  • Total cholesterol less than 150
  • HDL greater than 60
35
Q

How is hypercholesterolemia treated?

A

Lifestyle changes= exercising, diet, weight management

-Statins for medications

36
Q

How can HDL be increased?

A
  • Exercise
  • Medication
  • Stop smoking
37
Q

How can elevated trigylcerides be treated?

A
  • Very low fat diets
  • Medication
  • Strict control of co-morbidities
38
Q

When are men and women screened for cholesterol levels?

A

Men- over 35

Women- over 45

39
Q

When are men and women screened for cholesterol if they have CHD risk factors

A 
Men= anytime over 20
Women= between 20 and 45
40
Q

Can hypercholesterolemia be familial?

A

Yes- an inherited defect in LDL receptors that leads to INCREASED production of cholesterol and premature atherosclerosis
(these patients usually have an MI by 30 or 40

41
Q

Can hyperbetalipoproteinemia be familial?

A
  • Yes- caused by an abnormality or change in the LDL receptor structure
  • Cholesterol concentrations are usually around 300-400
  • Premature atherosclerosis usually presents around 40 or 50 years old
42
Q

Can hyperalphalipoproteinemia be familial?

A
  • Yes- autosomal dominant trait associated with increase in HDL
  • VERY GOOD THING
  • LDL is normally normal
  • Total is usually high (because HDL is high)
  • Patients usually live well into their 90s
43
Q

What is secondary hypercholesterolemia

A

-A variety of disorders that increase lipoprotein synthesis
(nephrotic syndrome, obstructive jaundice, hypothyroidism)
-Total cholesterol can be 600-800 or higher

Clin Lab (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions