Parathyroid Flashcards
What does parathyroid regulate?
- Calcium
- Minerals
What effect does calcium have on the body?
- Bone
- Muscle function
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
-Posterior surface of the thyroid
Is parathyroid hormone protein bound?
No- travels freely in the plasma
How is parathyroid hormone controlled?
-By calcium concentration in the extracellular fluid compartment
When calcium is low, PTH…
is secreted
When calcium is high, PTH…
is not secreted
What usually causes hyperparathyroidism?
-Tumor (benign or malignant)
What is the result of hyperparathyroidism?
Hypercalcemia
What can hypercalcemia do?
- Produce muscular and neurological effects
- Increase kidney stones
Describe labs for hyperparathyroidism
-Elevated PTH and calcium
What causes hypoparathyroidism?
-Inadvertent removal of the parathyroid glands during neck surgery
What is the result of decreased hypoparathyroidism
- Decreased PTH secretion
- Hypocalcemia
What can hyperparathyroidism cause?
- Bone disease
- Weak bones by osteoporosis
- Increased fracture risk
- Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
- Constipation, gallstones, peptic ulcers
- Depression, lethargy, seizures
- Weakness and fatigue
What can hypoparathyroidism cause?
- Tetany
- Neuromuscular irritability
- muscle spasm
- numbness
- tingling
- mental status change
- Ocular disease
- Dental abnormalities (defective enamel and root formation)
