Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin Lab > Diagnosis and Monitoring of Pregnancy > Flashcards

Diagnosis and Monitoring of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones increase during pregnancy?`

A
  • Estrogens
  • Progesterone
  • Human placental lactogen
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin
  • Prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does increased estrogen levels stimulate?

A
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Cholesterol production
  • Plasma proteins (fibrinogen)
  • Cortisol production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much does plasma volume increase during normal pregnancy?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

______ increases more than ______ causing the hematocrit to fall by 15%

A

Plasma volume

-Red cell volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the placenta produce

A
  • HCG
  • Alkaline phosphatase
  • Creatine Kinase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

______ will double by the time of delivery

A

Alkaline phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What will happen to glomerular filtration rate, BUN, and Cr during pregnancy

A

GFR will increase about 50%

-Causes decreased BUN and Cr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe glucose and protein excretion during pregancy

A
  • Urine glucose

- Protein excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do lab tests for pregnancy test for to diagnose pregancy

A

-Trophoblastic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the cells of the placenta produce that is detected in a pregnancy test?

A

HCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are other things that can produce HCG that is not a fetus

A
  • Hyditidiform mole (tumor of the uterus)
  • Choriocarcinoma (malignant tumor of the placenta)
  • Germ cell tumors (tumor of the ovary)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What other cancers produce HCG levels

A
  • Breast cancer

- Large cell carcinoma of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does the production of HCG begin during pregnancy?

A

-as soon as the trophoblast cells are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When do blood levels of typically rise after implantation

A

4-6 days after fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When do blood levels of HCG become detectable

A

8-10 days after fertilization (3-3.5 weeks after last menstrual period)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HCG rises in a _______ fashion during the first trimester of pregnancy

A

Geometric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

HCG will ______ every 48 hours in a normal pregnancy

A

Double

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In pregnancy abnormalities such as Down syndrome, hemolytic disease, HCG levels are _____ than normal

19
Q

When do plasma levels of HCG peak in a normal pregnancy?

A

8-12 weeks

20
Q

Is HCG usually tested in urine or blood

A

Urine- it is cheaper

21
Q

Total urine HCG excretion parallels _______

A

Plasma concentration

22
Q

What can cause falsely negative urine HCG levels

A

-Dilute urine

23
Q

What can cause falsely positive HCG levels

A
  • Proteinuria

- UTI

24
Q

When is blood HCG levels tested

A
  • When quantitative info is needed
  • Unsure of LMP
  • Physical exam
  • Plasma levels will become positive less than one week before urine HCG
25
What percentage of pregnancies occur outside of the uterus
1.5%
26
Describe the plasma HCG levels in an ectopic pregnancy
Rises more slowly, and before 6 weeks gestation, HCG levels will fail to double
27
What percentage of pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion?
25%
28
Describe plasma HCG levels in a spontaneous abortion
- Usually below the 95th percentile for gestational age | - and falls in measurements 2 days apart
29
What is used to detect anemia and screen for thalassemia
Hematocrit/hemoglobin
30
What are included in prenatal screening tests
- Hematocrit/hemoglobin - Bacteruria - Rh and red cell antibody - Immunity for rubella and varicella
31
What else are included in prenatal screening tests?
- Syphilis - Hep B antigen - Chlamydia - HIV - Thyroid (TSH and T4) - TB, gonorrhea, herpes, BV, trichomoniasis, Hep C
32
When can Rh sensitization occur?
Occur if Rh- mom carries an Rh + baby
33
What happens at delivery with an Rh - mom
- The Rh+ childs RBC leak into the maternal circulation and can stimulate the production of anti-Rh antibodies - These antibodies cross the placenta and attack the RBC for future pregnancies
34
Rh problems are preventable by...
Injecting mom with anti-Rh antibodies | -masks the moms immune system and prevents sensitization
35
Describe a-fetoprotein
- Fetal liver and yok sac produce a large number of these - Present at 100 times larger concentration that in an adult - A small amount crosses the placenta and mixes with maternal AFP concentration
36
Fetal abnormalities cause ________ amounts of AFP to cross the placenta and leak into amniotic fluid
Increased
37
What are 2 other factors that increase AFP levels
- Gestational age | - Number of infants present
38
When is AFP tested?
at 16 weeks gestation
39
If AFP are elevated, what is the follow up test?
- Amniocentesis | - 3D or 4D ultrasound
40
What is included in a QUAD screen
- AFP - HCG - Estriol - Inhibin A
41
When is pulmonary surfactant released?
34-36 weeks but it can be stimulated by cortisol at earlier ages
42
What are the major lipids in surfactant?
- Lecithin | - Sphingomyelin
43
What is a healthy ratio of lecithin and sphingomyelin
2:1 = lung maturity

Clin Lab (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions