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Clin Lab > Fecal Analysis > Flashcards

Fecal Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

How much stool the average adult excrete per day?

A

100-300 mg

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2
Q

About how much of stool is water?

A

70%

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3
Q

Of the remaining 30% of stool… what are the contents

A
  • 50% is bacteria and cellular debris
  • The remaining portion is…
    • Vegetable residues
    • Small amounts of fat
    • Epithelial cells from the GI tract
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4
Q

About how much fluid enters into the GI tract before you have stool?

A

10 liters

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5
Q

Evacuates feces reflect…

A

The space and size of the colonic lumen

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6
Q

What is normal colonic transit time?

A

24-48 hours

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7
Q

Small/dark/hard

A

Constipation

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8
Q

Voluminous/odorous/floating

A

Malabsorbed fats or proteins

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9
Q

Loose with mucus

A

IBS

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10
Q

Loose with mucus and blood

A
  • Inflammed bowel syndrome
  • Shingella
  • Carcinoma
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11
Q

Skicky/black/tarry

A

Upper GI tract hemorrhage

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12
Q

Voluminous/watery/little formed material

A

Non-invasive infection

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13
Q

Pasty/gray/white/little odor

A

Bile duct obstruction

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14
Q

T/F- Infants and elderly patients with diarrhea can be dangerous and fatal

A

True

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15
Q

Diarrhea alternating with constipation is characteristic of…

A

irritable bowel syndrome

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16
Q

How can you check stool for organisms or protoazoa?

A

Culture it

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17
Q

How can you find viral agents?

A

Immune electron microscopy

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18
Q

How do you check lactose intolerance?

A
  • By administering pure lactose
  • If adequate lactose is present, blood glucose levels should rise in about 60 minutes
  • A lactose deficient patient will fail to achieve increased blood glucose levels
  • And they will usually have cramping and diarrhea
19
Q

What occurs in people whose intestinal flora has been killed or disturbed by antibiotics?

A

C. Diff

20
Q

How do tests that look for blood in the stool work?

A

-Use the peroxidase activity of heme derivatives in oxidizing organic compounds

21
Q

What is the hemoglobin metabolite with peroxidase activity

A

Hematin

22
Q

What are also peroxidase enzymes?

A

Certain plant enzymes and materials derived from myoglobin

23
Q

This is black tarry stool that is secondary to large quantities of blood in the upper GI tract

A

Melena

24
Q

This is small amounts of blood that do not change the appearance of the stool

A

Occult blood

25
Q

This is the most widely used indicator to detect occult blood

A

Gum Guiac

26
Q

Does overt bleeding or obvious melena require detailed testing?

A

Nope- but it is important to determine if the red or black pigmentation is actually from blood (like pepto)

27
Q

When can bright red blood be seen on the stool?

A
  • Hemorroidal bleeding
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Friable adenomas
  • Superficially eroded carcinomas
28
Q

How long can melena persist without fresh blood

A

5 days

29
Q

How long will a test for occult blood remain positive

A

Several weeks

30
Q

What is the hope in screening for occult blood

A

To detect significant lesions when the are asymptomatic or localized so that treatment can be successful

31
Q

Causes of upper GI occult blood

A
  • Peptic ulcer
  • Erosive gastritis
  • Gastric carcinoma
32
Q

Causes of Lower GI occult blood

A
  • Carcinoma
  • Adenomatous Polyps
  • Diverticulitis
33
Q

How are patients usually screened for poop probs?

A
  • Sent home with slides for multiple samples for multiple days
  • Avoid meat or aspirin for 1 week prior to testing
34
Q

How high can false negative results be?

A

As high as 20% (in patients with colon cancer or large adenomas)

35
Q

Why do false negatives occur

A
  • Bleeding may be intermittent

- Too much time may elapse before applying the sample and performing the test

36
Q

When/how are microscopic exams performed?

A
  • For detecting parasites and their ova
  • The stool must be fresh
  • To identify to the amoeba or other motile parasites, the stool must be warm
37
Q

What if you see visible striated meat fibers

A

Proteolysis is inadequate

38
Q

Should WBC be in the poop

A

Nope

39
Q

What does WBC in the poop indicate

A

Inflammation

40
Q

If unaltered RBC are present, what does this mean

A

usually come from the anus or the rectum

blood from higher in the GI tract would have damage to the cells

41
Q

If you have malabsortion problems, how does this show up?

A

-Excessive fecal fat excretion

42
Q

Lipase deficiency increases/decreases the proportion of neural fat?

A

Increases

43
Q

Patients with severe malabsorption problems have low/high albumin

A

Low

44
Q

Low albumin causes…

A
  • Malnutrition
  • Excessive fecal loss
  • Edema

Clin Lab (23 decks)

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