Waves ( The electromagnetic spectrum)

Question 1

Types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum (7)

Answer 1

• radio
• microwave
• infrared
• visible
• ultraviolet
• x-ray
• gamma ray

Question 2

electromagnetic waves are

Answer 2

electric and magnetic disturbances that transfer energy to one point to another

Question 3

electromagnetic waves all (4)

Answer 3

• carry and trasnfer energy
• are transverse waves
• all travel at the speed of light
• all can be reflected, refracted and difracted

Question 4

what is the speed of light

Answer 4

3 x 10⁸ m/s

Question 5

electromagnetic waves all travel through ___ and so need / don’t need a medium

Answer 5

vacuum
no medium

Question 6

order of the electromagnetic waves from low frequency and long wavelength to high frequency and short wavelength

Answer 6

radio
microwave
infrared
visible light
x-rays
gamma rays

Question 7

an increase in wavelength means a ____ in frequency

Answer 7

decrease

Question 8

which is the only part of the EM detectable by the human eye

Answer 8

visible light

Question 9

in visible light, which colour has the longest wavelength and lowest frequency

Answer 9

red

Question 10

in visible light, which colour has the highest frequency and shortest wavelength

Answer 10

violet

Question 11

what are the colours of the visible spectrum in order of decreasing wavelength (7)

Answer 11

red
orange
yellow
green
blue
indigo
violet

Question 12

mnemonic to help remember colours of visible spectrum

Answer 12

ROYGBIV

Raging Martians Invaded Venus Using X-ray Guns

Question 13

uses of radio waves

Answer 13

broadcasting and communications like television and mobile phones

Question 14

uses of microwaves

Answer 14

cooking and satellite transmissions

Question 15

uses of infrared radiation

Answer 15

heaters and vision equipment

Question 16

uses of visible light

Answer 16

optical fibres and photography

Question 17

ultraviolet uses

Answer 17

fluorescent lamps

Question 18

x-rays uses

Answer 18

Observing the internal structure of objects and materials, including medical applications

Question 19

gamma rays uses

Answer 19

Sterilising food and medical equipment

Question 20

electromagnetic waves all travel at ___ speed

Answer 20

SAME

Question 21

properties of light waves (4)

Answer 21

• travel in straight lines
• an electromagnetic wave
• travels at 3 x 10⁸ m/s
• different colours have different frequencies / wavelengths

Question 22

both radio and microwaves are used in ___ communication like ___

Answer 22

wireless

radios, mobile phone communication

Question 23

microwaves are used to heat things in a microwave oven at ___ intensities

Answer 23

very high

Question 24

infrared is emitted by

Answer 24

warm objects

Question 25

infrared can be detected by

Answer 25

thermal imaging cameras

Question 26

examples of uses of infrared

Answer 26

Security cameras to see people in the dark TV remote controls Transport signals down fibre optic cables

Question 27

ultraviolet can give you a

Answer 27

sun tan

Question 28

what is the process of fluorescence ( ultraviolet)

Answer 28

When certain substances are exposed to ultraviolet, they absorb it and re-emit it as visible light (making them glow)

Question 29

Fluorescence can be used to

Answer 29

secretly mark things in special ink, such as banknotes

Question 30

x-rays are absorbed by what part of the body

Answer 30

dense parts like bones

Question 31

gamma rays can be dangerous as they can

Answer 31

kill cells and living tissue

Question 32

gamma rays sterilise equipment by

Answer 32

killing off the bacteria

Question 33

dangers or risks of overexposure of microwaves can cause

Answer 33

heat damage to internal organs due to the internal heating of body tissue

Question 34

dangers or risks of overexposure of infrared can cause

Answer 34

skin burns

Question 35

dangers or risks of overexposure of ultraviolet can

Answer 35

damage skin cells causing sunburn and blindness

Question 36

dangers or risks of overexposure of gamma and x-rays can

Answer 36

kill cells causing cancer and cell mutations

Question 37

why are radio waves used for long - range communication

Answer 37

BECAUSE THEY CAN BE REFLECTED FROM THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

Question 38

why are microwaves used for satellite communication

Answer 38

REASON: BECAUSE MICROWAVES CAN PENETRATE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

Question 39

why are infrared waves used for optical fibre communication

Answer 39

BECAUSE THEY CAN UNDERGO TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

Question 40

why is visible light used for videos and photos

Answer 40

CAMERAS ARE SET UP TO DETECT VISIBLE LIGHT

Question 41

why are ultraviolet used fro fluorescent lamps

Answer 41

because process of fluorescence happens

Question 42

why are x-rays used for medicine ( x-rays)

Answer 42

REASON: BECAUSE X-RAYS CAN PENETRATE SOFT TISSUES BUT NOT BONE

Question 43

why are gamma rays used to sterilise medical tools

Answer 43

BECAUSE GAMMA KILLS BACTERIA

Question 44

danger associated with EM waves increases along with the frequency because

Answer 44

Beyond the visible part of the EM spectrum, the energy becomes large enough to ionise atoms

Question 45

The shorter the wavelength, the more/less ionising the radiation

Answer 45

more

Question 46

protective measures against microwaves used

Answer 46

microwaves from microwave ovens are prevented from escaping the oven by the metal walls and metal grid in the glass door

Question 47

protective measures against infrared used

Answer 47

infrared wearing protective clothing such as gloves can prevent the skin from feeling the hear

Question 48

protective measures against ultraviolet used

Answer 48

ultraviolet ray damage to the eyes is reduced by wearing sunglasses that absorb ultraviolet and prevent it from reaching the eyes. Sunscreen also absorbs ultraviolet light preventing it from damaging the skin.

Question 49

protective measures against gamma and x-rays used

Answer 49

gamma and X-rays damage is reduced through using minimal levels in medicine. Doctors leave the room during x-rays to avoid unnecessary exposure. Radiographers wear radiation badges to measure their level of radiation exposure. People working with gamma rays routinely have their dose levels tested.