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PHYSICS IGCSE > Waves ( The electromagnetic spectrum) > Flashcards

Waves ( The electromagnetic spectrum) Flashcards

Topic 2 C

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1
Q

Types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum (7)

A
  • radio
  • microwave
  • infrared
  • visible
  • ultraviolet
  • x-ray
  • gamma ray
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2
Q

electromagnetic waves are

A

electric and magnetic disturbances that transfer energy to one point to another

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3
Q

electromagnetic waves all (4)

A
  • carry and trasnfer energy
  • are transverse waves
  • all travel at the speed of light
  • all can be reflected, refracted and difracted
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4
Q

what is the speed of light

A

3 x 10⁸ m/s

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5
Q

electromagnetic waves all travel through ___ and so need / don’t need a medium

A

vacuum
no medium

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6
Q

order of the electromagnetic waves from low frequency and long wavelength to high frequency and short wavelength

A

radio
microwave
infrared
visible light
x-rays
gamma rays

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7
Q

an increase in wavelength means a ____ in frequency

A

decrease

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8
Q

which is the only part of the EM detectable by the human eye

A

visible light

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9
Q

in visible light, which colour has the longest wavelength and lowest frequency

A

red

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10
Q

in visible light, which colour has the highest frequency and shortest wavelength

A

violet

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11
Q

what are the colours of the visible spectrum in order of decreasing wavelength (7)

A

red
orange
yellow
green
blue
indigo
violet

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12
Q

mnemonic to help remember colours of visible spectrum

A

ROYGBIV

Raging Martians Invaded Venus Using X-ray Guns

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13
Q

uses of radio waves

A

broadcasting and communications like television and mobile phones

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14
Q

uses of microwaves

A

cooking and satellite transmissions

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15
Q

uses of infrared radiation

A

heaters and vision equipment

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16
Q

uses of visible light

A

optical fibres and photography

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17
Q

ultraviolet uses

A

fluorescent lamps

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18
Q

x-rays uses

A

Observing the internal structure of objects and materials, including medical applications

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19
Q

gamma rays uses

A

Sterilising food and medical equipment

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20
Q

electromagnetic waves all travel at ___ speed

A

SAME

21
Q

properties of light waves (4)

A
  • travel in straight lines
  • an electromagnetic wave
  • travels at 3 x 10⁸ m/s
  • different colours have different frequencies / wavelengths
22
Q

both radio and microwaves are used in ___ communication like ___

A

wireless

radios, mobile phone communication

23
Q

microwaves are used to heat things in a microwave oven at ___ intensities

A

very high

24
Q

infrared is emitted by

A

warm objects

25
Q

infrared can be detected by

A

thermal imaging cameras

26
Q

examples of uses of infrared

A

Security cameras to see people in the dark

TV remote controls

Transport signals down fibre optic cables

27
Q

ultraviolet can give you a

A

sun tan

28
Q

what is the process of fluorescence ( ultraviolet)

A

When certain substances are exposed to ultraviolet, they absorb it and re-emit it as visible light (making them glow)

29
Q

Fluorescence can be used to

A

secretly mark things in special ink, such as banknotes

30
Q

x-rays are absorbed by what part of the body

A

dense parts like bones

31
Q

gamma rays can be dangerous as they can

A

kill cells and living tissue

32
Q

gamma rays sterilise equipment by

A

killing off the bacteria

33
Q

dangers or risks of overexposure of microwaves can cause

A

heat damage to internal organs due to the internal heating of body tissue

34
Q

dangers or risks of overexposure of infrared can cause

A

skin burns

35
Q

dangers or risks of overexposure of ultraviolet can

A

damage skin cells causing sunburn and blindness

36
Q

dangers or risks of overexposure of gamma and x-rays can

A

kill cells causing cancer and cell mutations

37
Q

why are radio waves used for long - range communication

A

BECAUSE THEY CAN BE
REFLECTED FROM THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

38
Q

why are microwaves used for satellite communication

A

REASON: BECAUSE
MICROWAVES CAN
PENETRATE EARTH’S
ATMOSPHERE

39
Q

why are infrared waves used for optical fibre communication

A

BECAUSE
THEY CAN UNDERGO
TOTAL INTERNAL
REFLECTION

40
Q

why is visible light used for videos and photos

A

CAMERAS
ARE SET UP TO DETECT VISIBLE
LIGHT

41
Q

why are ultraviolet used fro fluorescent lamps

A

because process of fluorescence happens

42
Q

why are x-rays used for medicine ( x-rays)

A

REASON: BECAUSE
X-RAYS CAN
PENETRATE SOFT
TISSUES BUT NOT
BONE

43
Q

why are gamma rays used to sterilise medical tools

A

BECAUSE
GAMMA KILLS
BACTERIA

44
Q

danger associated with EM waves increases along with the frequency because

A

Beyond the visible part of the EM spectrum, the energy becomes large enough to ionise atoms

45
Q

The shorter the wavelength, the more/less ionising the radiation

A

more

46
Q

protective measures against microwaves used

A

microwaves from microwave ovens are prevented from escaping the oven by the metal walls and metal grid in the glass door

47
Q

protective measures against infrared used

A

infrared wearing protective clothing such as gloves can prevent the skin from feeling the hear

48
Q

protective measures against ultraviolet used

A

ultraviolet ray damage to the eyes is reduced by wearing sunglasses that absorb ultraviolet and prevent it from reaching the eyes.

Sunscreen also absorbs ultraviolet light preventing it from damaging the skin.

49
Q

protective measures against gamma and x-rays used

A

gamma and X-rays damage is reduced through using minimal levels in medicine.

Doctors leave the room during x-rays to avoid unnecessary exposure.

Radiographers wear radiation badges to measure their level of radiation exposure.

People working with gamma rays routinely have their dose levels tested.

PHYSICS IGCSE (16 decks)

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