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PHYSICS IGCSE > Waves ( properties of waves ) > Flashcards

Waves ( properties of waves ) Flashcards

Topic 2 A & B

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1
Q

what do waves do

A

transfer energy from one place to another without transferring matter

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2
Q

when do waves happen

A

when an oscillation travels from the starting point

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3
Q

the direction a wave travels is called

A

the direction of propagation

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4
Q

when a wave travels through a medium, what do the particles do

A

they oscillate and transfer energy between each other

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5
Q

when waves transfer energy, do the particles move or don’t ?

A

they don’t, only the energy is transferred

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6
Q

the amplitude of a wave is

A

the maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position

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7
Q

the wavelength

A

is the distance between the same point on two adjacent waves

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8
Q

frequency is

A

the number of complete waves passing a certain point per second

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9
Q

frequency is measured in

A

Hz (Hertz)

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10
Q

sign for wavelength

A

λ

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11
Q

all waves are either (2)

A

transverse or longitudinal

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12
Q

in transverse waves,

A

the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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13
Q

transverse waves can travel in ( what mediums) when they are mechanical waves

A

solids and SURFACES of liquids

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14
Q

when electromagnetic wave, transverse waves can travel through

A

solids, liquids and gases and vacuum

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15
Q

on a transverse wave, the highest point above resit position is called the

A

crest

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16
Q

in a transverse wave, lowest point below the rest position is called a

A

trough

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17
Q

most waves are ( transverse or longitudinal)

A

transverse

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18
Q

longitudinal waves have vibrations that

A

vibrations that are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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19
Q

example of longitudinal waves

A

sound waves, ultrasound

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20
Q

the oscillations of longitudinal waves, oscillate in the ( direction)

A

the same direction as the direction of wave travel

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21
Q

longitudinal waves move in / through (what meidums)

A

Move in solids, liquids and gases

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22
Q

can longitudinal waves move through a vacuum

A

no

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23
Q

wave speed is

A

the speed at which energy is being transferred

24
Q

wave equation is ( worded)

A

wave speed = frequency x wavelength

25
Q

wave equation in symbol

A

v = f λ

26
Q

wave speed is measured in

A

m /s

27
Q

wavelength is measured in

A

metres

28
Q

wave vibrations for a transverse wave can be shown on a

A

rope

29
Q

wave vibrations of a longitudinal wave can be shown on a

A

spring

30
Q

key features of a longitudinal wave ( 2)

A

close together, = compressions

far apart = rarefractions

31
Q

density of transverse waves does what

A

stays constant

32
Q

density of longitudinal waves does what

A

changes

33
Q

pressure in transverse waves does what

A

stays constant

34
Q

pressure in longitudinal waves does what

A

changes

35
Q

the speed of a longitudinal wave is fastest when it moves through a

A

solid

36
Q

the speed of a transverse wave is fastest when it travels through

A

a vacuum

37
Q

waves are described as

A

oscillations or vibrations about a fixed point

38
Q

amplitude is measured in

A

metres

39
Q

in a transverse wave, wavelength can be measured from

A

one peak to the next peak

40
Q

in a longitudinal wave, wavelength can be measured from

A

he centre of one compression to the centre of the next

41
Q

wave period

A

The time taken for a single wave to pass a point

42
Q

wavefront is

A

​An imaginary surface representing points of a wave that are at the same point in their cycle

43
Q

waves with a higher frequency have high/low energy

A

high

44
Q

equation relating time period and frequency

A

FREQUENCY = 1 / Time period

45
Q

what is the doppler effect

A

the apparent change in observed wavelength and frequency

46
Q

the doppler effect can be observed when ?

A

whenever sources of waves move

47
Q

how does the frequency change in the doppler effect

A

changes from high to low as the waves move closer and further

48
Q

when a stationary object emits waves, the waves spread out ___

A

systematically

49
Q

To an observes standing behind an object moving away from them, the waves appear to become

A

stretched apart because wavelength appears to get longer
(and the frequency appears to get lower)

50
Q

reflection happens when

A

waves bounce off a surface

51
Q

what waves can be reflected

A

all waves

52
Q
A
53
Q

refraction is when

A

a wave changes direction when it crosses a boundary between 2 materials at an angle to the normal.

54
Q

why does refraction happen

A

because the wave changes speed

55
Q

how much the wave is refracted depends on ?
and what does that depend on

A

how much it sped up or slowed down

the density of both materials

56
Q

what happens to frequency and wavelength in refraction

A

frequency stays the same
wavelength changes

57
Q

what waves can be refracted

A

all waves

PHYSICS IGCSE (16 decks)

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