forces, movement & changing shape Flashcards

1
Q

what is a force

A

push or pull that arises from the interaction between objects

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2
Q

what are the 2 different types of forces

A

gravitational force

reaction force

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3
Q

what is a reaction force

A

When an object rests on a surface, the surface exerts a push force on the object

This reaction force acts at right angles (perpendicular) to the surface

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4
Q

what is gravitational force

A

There is a gravitational force of attraction between all objects with mass

The more massive the object, the greater the gravitational force exerted by it

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5
Q

thrust

A

a force produced by an engine that speeds up the motion of an object

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6
Q

upthrust

A

When an object is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward-acting push force on the object

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7
Q

air resistance

A

Air resistance occurs when particles of air collide with an object moving through it and slows its motion

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8
Q

drag force

A

a type of frictional force that occurs when an object moves through a fluid (a gas or a liquid)

The particles in the fluid collide with the object moving through it and slow its motion

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9
Q

friction

A

frictional forces always oppose the motion of an object, causing it to slow down

Friction occurs when two surfaces move over one another

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10
Q

magnetic force

A

There is a magnetic force between objects with magnetic poles

Like poles repel one another, opposite poles attract one another

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11
Q

tension

A

Tension occurs in an object (like a rope or spring) that is stretched

When a pull force is exerted on each end of an object, tension acts across the length of the object

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12
Q

When a force acts on an object, there are 3 effects

A

change speed

change direction

change shape

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13
Q

scalar

A

have magnitude

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14
Q

vectors

A

have magnitudes and not direction

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15
Q

example of scalar

A

mass

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16
Q

example of vector

A

weight, forces

17
Q

what is a resultant force

A

a single force that describes all of the forces operating on a body

18
Q

resultant force determines

A

The direction in which the object will move as a result of all of the forces

The magnitude of the net force experienced by the object

19
Q

friction

A

A force which opposes the motion of an object

20
Q

when forces are balanced, the resultant force will be

21
Q

stopping distance is

A

the total distance travelled during the time it takes to stop in an emergency

22
Q

to calculate stopping distance,

A

Thinking distance + Braking distance

23
Q

thinking distance

A

the distance travelled in the time it takes the driver to react to an emergency and prepare to stop

24
Q

factors affecting thinking distance

A

speed of car
reaction time of driver

25
reaction time
A measure of how much time passes between seeing something and reacting to it
25
factors affecting reaction distance
Tiredness Distractions (e.g. using a mobile phone) Intoxication (i.e. consumption of alcohol or drugs)
26
breaking distance
the distance travelled under the braking force in metres (m)
27
factors affecting stopping distance
speed mass road condition reaction time
28
terminal velocity
he fastest speed that an object can reach when falling
29
when is terminal velocity reached
when the upward and downward acting forces are balanced / when the resultant force acting on the object reaches 0
30
falling objects experience two forces:
weight air resistance
31
as object falling speed increases, what happens to air resistance
increases
32
why does air resistance increase as speed does in a falling object
because the object collides with air particles as it moves through the air The faster the object is travelling, the more collisions it has with the air particles