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PHYSICS IGCSE > fission and fusion and nuclear reactors > Flashcards

fission and fusion and nuclear reactors Flashcards

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1
Q

what happens during fission

A

large nuclei break into smaller nuclei

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2
Q

what happens during fusion

A

small nuclei join together to produce larger nuclei

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3
Q

what is a typical fuel of fusion

A

hydrogen

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4
Q

is there an increase in mass in fission

A

no

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5
Q

is there an decrease in mass during fusion

A

yes

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6
Q

can fusion or fission be used in weapons, if so which one

A

yes, both

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7
Q

energy is released in fusion is generally

A

large

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8
Q

fusion is an energy source in

A

stars

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9
Q

energy is released in

A

both

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10
Q

can fission or fusion be used in weapons, if so which one

A

both

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11
Q

the core temperature of fission is generally

A

low ( 300ºC)

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12
Q

relative energy released in fission is

A

small

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13
Q

the electrostatic attraction must be overcome in

A

fusion

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14
Q

a typical fuel of fission is

A

uranium

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15
Q

fission requires ___ moving neutrons

A

slow

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16
Q

in which is there a decrease in mass and why

A

both
because some of the mass is converted into energy

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17
Q

nuclear fission is

A

a type of nuclear reaction that is used to release energy from large and unstable atoms by splitting them into smaller atoms

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18
Q

for fission to happen a ____ needs to collide into the nucleus

A

neutron

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19
Q

the type of energy released in fission is

A

kinetic energy

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20
Q

in nuclear fusion, 2 ____ nuclei collide at ____ speed and __ to create a larger and heavier nucleus

A

light

high

fuse

21
Q

hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a

A

helium nucleus

22
Q

the energy released in fission can be used to

A

heat water to make steam for turbines and generators

23
Q

in fusion, is the mass heavier before they fuse or after

A

before

24
Q

does fusion release a lot of energy

A

yes

25
Q

have scientists found a way of using fusion to generate energy for us to use ?

A

no

because its expensive but mostly, the conditions needed are very high temperatures and pressures and we haven’t been able to create them without using more energy thsn the fusion would create

26
Q

nuclear fission is used to

A

generate electricity in nuclear power stations

27
Q

nuclear fusion releases ___ energy from a given mass of fuel and produces way ___ nuclear waste

A

more

less

28
Q

fuel is unlimited for

A

fusion

29
Q

conditions needed for fusion

A

the conditions needed are very high temperatures and pressures

30
Q

what are the 2 types of fission

A

spontaneous fission

induced fission

31
Q

products of fission

A
  • 2 daughter nuclei
  • 2 or 3 neutrons
32
Q

when does induced fission happen

A

when a neutron is absorbed

33
Q

when does spontaneous fission happen

A

on its own, no neutron needs to be absorbed

34
Q

something that can undergo fission is called

A

fissile

35
Q

___ neutrons are better at inducing fission than ___ ones

A

slow

fast

36
Q

a chain reaction happens when

A

the released neutrons of one fission reaction collide with other atoms, which themselves then undergo fission.

37
Q

in fission, the neutrons released carry ___ of the energy from the reaction.

A

most

38
Q

in a nuclear reactor ( fission), the neutrons are __ ___ and transfer energy by ___

A

slowed down

heating

39
Q

a chain reaction is stopped by

A
40
Q

is radioactive decay a source of energy

A

yes

41
Q

in uranium 235, when fission occurs, it produces___ neutrons, __ daughter nuclei and creates__ which is very ___ and falls apart.

A

2 or 3

2

Uranium 236

unstable

42
Q

fusion is the energy source for

A

stars

43
Q

a chain reaction can only be stopped if

A

it is in a nuclear reactor and you insert control rods

44
Q

a control rod

A

absorbs neutrons

45
Q

if a control rod is inserted fully, it

A

stops reactions altogether

46
Q

raising the rods ____ the rate of fission because …

A

increases

fewer neutrons are absorbed

47
Q

fission in a control rod is called

A

controlled fission

48
Q

a moderator

A

slows down neutrons

49
Q

the moderator is a material that

A

surrounds the fuel rods inside the reactor core and helps graphite heat up

PHYSICS IGCSE (16 decks)

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