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water soluble vitamins done Flashcards

1
Q

Water-soluble vitamins include ________ and _________

A

the B vitamins and vitamin C

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2
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins include __________

A

A, D, E and K

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3
Q

what are vitamins?

A

organic compounds essential in the diet to promote growth and health maintenance

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4
Q

are fat soluble or water soluble vitamins more likely to be toxic?

A

fat soluble because they are stored in the fat, water soluble can be excreted in the urine.

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5
Q

is vitamin D on the nutrition facts label?

A

yes, this is relatively new, it was not on there before

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6
Q

what is B1?

A

thaimin (B1)

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7
Q

what is B2?

A

riboflavin

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8
Q

what is B3?

A

niacin

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9
Q

what are the other B vitamins?

A

biotin, pantothenic acid, B6, folate and B12

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10
Q

which B vitamins are required in refined grains in the US?

A

thamin, riboflavin, niacin and folate

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11
Q

low folic acid levels was linked to __________

A

neural tube defects

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12
Q

what vitamins are added to milk?

A

vitamin A and D

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13
Q

what vitamins can you find in grains?

A

all the B vitamins, vitamin E

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14
Q

what vitamins will you find in veggies?

A

riboflavin, niacin, B2, folate, vitamin A, C, E and K

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15
Q

what vitamins in fruits?

A

folate, vitamin A and C

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16
Q

vitamins in dairy?

A

riboflavin, vitamin A, D and B12

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17
Q

vitamins in protein?

A

all the B vitamins, vitamin A and D

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18
Q

what is fortification?

A

process of adding nutrients to food

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19
Q

what is enrichment?

A

adding nutrients back to food that were lost due to processing

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20
Q

what is an example of enrichment?

A

adding B vitamins to white rice

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21
Q

what is an example of fortification?

A

adding calcium to orange juice

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22
Q

can supplements replace a balanced diet?

A

NOOOOOOOOO

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23
Q

in vitamin absorption: The stomach helps release vitamins and some ______ is absorbed here

A

niacin

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24
Q

in vitamin absorption: the gallbladder releases ____ and helps absorb ________ soluble vitamins

A

bile and fat

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25
Q

in vitamin absorption: the pancreas secretes _____ that help release vitamins from food.

A

enzymes

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26
Q

In vitamin absorption: in the small intestine, fat soluble vitamins are absorbed by _______ _________. they go into the _______ system

A

simple diffusion and lymph

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27
Q

In vitamin absorption: water souble vitamins are abosrbed from the ______ ______ and directly into the ______.

A

small intestine and blood

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28
Q

what is required in the diet for fat soluble vitamins to be absorbed?

A

FAT IN THE DIET

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29
Q

Some vitamins are absorbed in inactive
provitamin or vitamin precursor forms that
must be converted into ______ by the
body

A

active forms

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30
Q

what is an example of a vitamin that is absorbed in inactive forms?

A

vitamin A

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31
Q

Water-soluble vitamins are easily
excreted from the body except ________….

A

B12

32
Q

Because stores can be rapidly depleted, ______ must be consumed regularly

A

B12

33
Q

____-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver
and fatty tissue so it takes longer for a
deficiency to develop

A

Fat

34
Q

coenzymes for energy metabolism??

A

idk study that

35
Q

left off video at 3/20 page 13

A
36
Q

does canning reduce nutrient content?

A

yes, high temperatures reduce the nutrient content,

37
Q

which has higher nutrient content? fresh veggies, frozen or canned?

A

FROZEN

38
Q

how can you preserve vitamins in your food?

A

store away from heat and light, eat it soon after purchase.
dont soak veggies, cook veggies with little water

39
Q

What was the first vitamin B to be identified?

A

thaimin

40
Q

what does thaimin do?

A

Assists in energy production,
carbohydrate metabolism, the production
of ribose and the health of the nervous
system

41
Q

what is beriber?

A

a deficiency of thiamin

42
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

—a
deficiency of thiamin in alcoholics

43
Q

what are some high sources of thamin?

A

pork, lentils, trout, grains, sunflower seeds, orange juice

44
Q

what b vitamin is easily destroyed by heat and exposure to light?

A

riboflavin

45
Q

which B vitamin is An important component in the citric acid
cycle and for assisting the body with the
absorption of other vitamins

A

riboflavin

46
Q

what are some coenzymes of ribflavin?

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and
flavin mononucleotide (FMN) are the
coenzyme forms

47
Q

Ariboflavinosis—a deficiency of _____

A

riboflavin

48
Q

what are some sources of riboflavin?

A

pork, trout, milk, beef, white bread, spaghetti

49
Q

what B vitamin Can be synthesized in the body from the
essential amino acid tryptophan if the diet
is adequate in tryptophan

A

niacin

50
Q

which B vitamin Plays an important role in the production
of energy and in general metabolism

A

niacin

51
Q

what are two forms of coenzymes for niacin

A

Two active coenzymes are nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate (NADP)

52
Q

what is Pellagra

A

Pellagra—a niacin deficiency.
Symptoms include the 3 Ds: dermatitis,
diarrhea and dementia, and eventually the 4th
D: death

53
Q

what dietary sources have lots of niacin?

A

chicken, trout, peanuts, pork

54
Q

what B vitamin functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism?

A

biotin

55
Q

______ in raw eggs would destroy biotin

A

avidin

56
Q

what are some dietary sources of biotin?

A

liver, egg yolks, yogurt and nuts

57
Q

where can you get pantothenic acid in the diet?

A

sunflower seeds, lentils trout

58
Q

what vitamin is Called pyridoxine and comprises a group of
compounds including pyridoxal, pyridoxine,
and pyridoxamine

A

vitamin B6

59
Q

All three forms of pyidoxine can be converted into _________ _________, which is required for many enzyme
reactions in the body

A

pyridoxal phosphate

60
Q

Vitamin___deficiency may result in anemia
due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis and
neurotransmitter issues

A

B6

61
Q

A toxicity from supplements of vitamin B6 can cause
……

A

irreversible nerve damage

62
Q

what sources have vitamin B6?

A

chicken, pork, lentils, beef - lots of proteins

63
Q

______ coenzymes are needed for DNA
synthesis and the metabolism of some
amino acids

A

Folate

64
Q

n Low _____ intake in early pregnancy is
associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects and an increased risk of heart disease related
to the metabolism of the amino acid
homocysteine

A

folate

65
Q

what foods are high in folate?

A

Lentils!! asparagus and spaghetti

66
Q

what vitamin is necessary for the proper absorption of iron in the body?

A

vitamin B12

67
Q

what vitamin do most vegan diets need supplements for?

A

B12

68
Q

_____ ________—a B12 deficiency
q A form of anemia that does not respond to iron
supplementation

A

Pernicious anemia

69
Q

Excessive intake of ______ ____can mask B12
deficiencies

A

folic acid

70
Q

what foods have a lot of B12?

A

trout, beef, pork, milk (proteins)

71
Q

what vitamin Known as ascorbic acid or ascorbate

A

vitamin C

72
Q

what vitamin Can be destroyed in food by oxygen, light
and heat, as well as contact with copper or
iron cookware

A

vitamin C

73
Q

Functions
q Antioxidant in the body
q Helps maintain the immune system
q Important in the production of collagen
q Aids in iron absorption

A

vitamin C

74
Q

vitamin C helps give ______ strong healthy cross linked connective tissue

A

collagen

75
Q

what foods are high in vitamin C?

A

orange juice, kiwi, strawberries, cantaloupe

76
Q

what foods have choline?

A

eggs, beef, salmon, pinto beans

Advanced nutrition (15 decks)

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