water soluble vitamins done Flashcards
Water-soluble vitamins include ________ and _________
the B vitamins and vitamin C
Fat-soluble vitamins include __________
A, D, E and K
what are vitamins?
organic compounds essential in the diet to promote growth and health maintenance
are fat soluble or water soluble vitamins more likely to be toxic?
fat soluble because they are stored in the fat, water soluble can be excreted in the urine.
is vitamin D on the nutrition facts label?
yes, this is relatively new, it was not on there before
what is B1?
thaimin (B1)
what is B2?
riboflavin
what is B3?
niacin
what are the other B vitamins?
biotin, pantothenic acid, B6, folate and B12
which B vitamins are required in refined grains in the US?
thamin, riboflavin, niacin and folate
low folic acid levels was linked to __________
neural tube defects
what vitamins are added to milk?
vitamin A and D
what vitamins can you find in grains?
all the B vitamins, vitamin E
what vitamins will you find in veggies?
riboflavin, niacin, B2, folate, vitamin A, C, E and K
what vitamins in fruits?
folate, vitamin A and C
vitamins in dairy?
riboflavin, vitamin A, D and B12
vitamins in protein?
all the B vitamins, vitamin A and D
what is fortification?
process of adding nutrients to food
what is enrichment?
adding nutrients back to food that were lost due to processing
what is an example of enrichment?
adding B vitamins to white rice
what is an example of fortification?
adding calcium to orange juice
can supplements replace a balanced diet?
NOOOOOOOOO
in vitamin absorption: The stomach helps release vitamins and some ______ is absorbed here
niacin
in vitamin absorption: the gallbladder releases ____ and helps absorb ________ soluble vitamins
bile and fat
in vitamin absorption: the pancreas secretes _____ that help release vitamins from food.
enzymes
In vitamin absorption: in the small intestine, fat soluble vitamins are absorbed by _______ _________. they go into the _______ system
simple diffusion and lymph
In vitamin absorption: water souble vitamins are abosrbed from the ______ ______ and directly into the ______.
small intestine and blood
what is required in the diet for fat soluble vitamins to be absorbed?
FAT IN THE DIET
Some vitamins are absorbed in inactive
provitamin or vitamin precursor forms that
must be converted into ______ by the
body
active forms
what is an example of a vitamin that is absorbed in inactive forms?
vitamin A
Water-soluble vitamins are easily
excreted from the body except ________….
B12
Because stores can be rapidly depleted, ______ must be consumed regularly
B12
____-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver
and fatty tissue so it takes longer for a
deficiency to develop
Fat
coenzymes for energy metabolism??
idk study that
left off video at 3/20 page 13
does canning reduce nutrient content?
yes, high temperatures reduce the nutrient content,
which has higher nutrient content? fresh veggies, frozen or canned?
FROZEN
how can you preserve vitamins in your food?
store away from heat and light, eat it soon after purchase.
dont soak veggies, cook veggies with little water
What was the first vitamin B to be identified?
thaimin
what does thaimin do?
Assists in energy production,
carbohydrate metabolism, the production
of ribose and the health of the nervous
system
what is beriber?
a deficiency of thiamin
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
—a
deficiency of thiamin in alcoholics
what are some high sources of thamin?
pork, lentils, trout, grains, sunflower seeds, orange juice
what b vitamin is easily destroyed by heat and exposure to light?
riboflavin
which B vitamin is An important component in the citric acid
cycle and for assisting the body with the
absorption of other vitamins
riboflavin
what are some coenzymes of ribflavin?
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and
flavin mononucleotide (FMN) are the
coenzyme forms
Ariboflavinosis—a deficiency of _____
riboflavin
what are some sources of riboflavin?
pork, trout, milk, beef, white bread, spaghetti
what B vitamin Can be synthesized in the body from the
essential amino acid tryptophan if the diet
is adequate in tryptophan
niacin
which B vitamin Plays an important role in the production
of energy and in general metabolism
niacin
what are two forms of coenzymes for niacin
Two active coenzymes are nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate (NADP)
what is Pellagra
Pellagra—a niacin deficiency.
Symptoms include the 3 Ds: dermatitis,
diarrhea and dementia, and eventually the 4th
D: death
what dietary sources have lots of niacin?
chicken, trout, peanuts, pork
what B vitamin functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism?
biotin
______ in raw eggs would destroy biotin
avidin
what are some dietary sources of biotin?
liver, egg yolks, yogurt and nuts
where can you get pantothenic acid in the diet?
sunflower seeds, lentils trout
what vitamin is Called pyridoxine and comprises a group of
compounds including pyridoxal, pyridoxine,
and pyridoxamine
vitamin B6
All three forms of pyidoxine can be converted into _________ _________, which is required for many enzyme
reactions in the body
pyridoxal phosphate
Vitamin___deficiency may result in anemia
due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis and
neurotransmitter issues
B6
A toxicity from supplements of vitamin B6 can cause
……
irreversible nerve damage
what sources have vitamin B6?
chicken, pork, lentils, beef - lots of proteins
______ coenzymes are needed for DNA
synthesis and the metabolism of some
amino acids
Folate
n Low _____ intake in early pregnancy is
associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects and an increased risk of heart disease related
to the metabolism of the amino acid
homocysteine
folate
what foods are high in folate?
Lentils!! asparagus and spaghetti
what vitamin is necessary for the proper absorption of iron in the body?
vitamin B12
what vitamin do most vegan diets need supplements for?
B12
_____ ________—a B12 deficiency
q A form of anemia that does not respond to iron
supplementation
Pernicious anemia
Excessive intake of ______ ____can mask B12
deficiencies
folic acid
what foods have a lot of B12?
trout, beef, pork, milk (proteins)
what vitamin Known as ascorbic acid or ascorbate
vitamin C
what vitamin Can be destroyed in food by oxygen, light
and heat, as well as contact with copper or
iron cookware
vitamin C
Functions
q Antioxidant in the body
q Helps maintain the immune system
q Important in the production of collagen
q Aids in iron absorption
vitamin C
vitamin C helps give ______ strong healthy cross linked connective tissue
collagen
what foods are high in vitamin C?
orange juice, kiwi, strawberries, cantaloupe
what foods have choline?
eggs, beef, salmon, pinto beans
