fat soluble vitamins done Flashcards
what are the fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-
Fat-soluble vitamins require _____ and ______ for
absorption.
bile and dietary fat
Once absorbed fat soluble vitamins, are transported with fats through
the lymphatic system in ___________before entering
the blood.
chylomicrons
Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in body fat, meaning
that intakes can vary without a risk of ______ (as
long as there are average intakes over time).
deficiency
Because they can be stored in body fat, fat-soluble
vitamins are not easily ______ This increases the risk
of toxicity with high intakes.
excreted.
what vitamin plays a key role in night vision, cell
differentiation and growth regulation.
vitamin A
Preformed vitamin A compounds are known as
_______.
retinoids
Plants contain precursors to vitamin A known as
_________.
carotenoids
Vitamin A is found preformed, from animal products
or supplements, or in _______ form, from plant
foods, in the diet.
precursor
what foods have lots of vitamin A?
beef liver!! carrots
vitamin D is Absorbed in the small intestine and
transported via _________
n Fat malabsorption impairs vitamin D
absorption
chylomicrons
80% of vitamin D consumed is
incorporated into _________
micelles
why is there no RDA of vitamin D?
there are too many variations in sunlight exposure but there is an AI
what is the AI of vitamin D?
q 5 μg/d (200 IU/d) for adults under age 51
q 10-15 μg/d (400 - 600 IU/d) for older adults
n _____ _______individuals can produce enough
vitamin D to meet the AI from casual sun
exposure
Light skinned
Infants are born with vitamin D, but AAP
recommends supplementing breastfed
infants with _ μg (200 IU)/d until weaned to fortified infant formula
5
When vitamin D is deficient, dietary ______
cannot be absorbed efficiently and there can be
improper bone mineralization and abnormalities
in bone structure
calcium
_______—vitamin D deficiency in children
Rickets
Oversupplementation of vitamin D can result in
high blood and urine _______concentrations,
depositing of calcium in blood vessels and
kidneys, cardiovascular damage and possibly
death
calcium
____________—vitamin D deficiency in adults
Osteomalacia
where do you get vitamin D in the diet?
salmon, milk, eggs
______ _______ is the form of vitamin E
absorbed by the human body.
Alpha-tocopherol
what is the chemical name for vitamin E
tocopherol
n Vitamin E deficiency in newborns might
result in ______ _______
hemolytic anemia
vitamin E in the diet?
sunflower seeds, almonds, soybean oil
Vitamin K was named for koagulation, the
Danish word for ______.
coagulation
__________ is Vitamin K in plants
Phylloquinone
________ is Vitamin K in animals and
formed by bacteria
Menaquinone
what is the major symptom of vitamin K deficiency?
abnormal blood coagulation
T or false. vitamin K deficiencies are common in the US.
FALSE they are rare
Up to 80% of dietary vitamin K is absorbed in ___________
small intestine
~10% of menaquinones synthesized by intestinal bacteria is absorbed in colon
n Incorporated into chylomicrons and delivered to liver via lymphatic system
n Stored in the liver and incorporated into lipoproteins
n Excretion is primarily via _____
bile
what can cause a vitamin K deficiency?
Antibiotics
q Destroy intestinal bacteria
q Inhibit vitamin K synthesis and absorption
q Potential for excessive bleeding
what two vitamins interfere with vitamin K absorption??
vitamin A and E
Where do newborns get vitamin k?
they have to be injected, breast milk is a poor source
where in the diet do you get vitamin K?
mustard greens, brussel sprouts, kiwi
look at last slides?
