lecture 4 Flashcards
Unrefined or whole-grain products
contain three key components…
endosperm, bran layers, the germ
_________ grains may be enriched with
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and iron and
fortified with folate
refined
Refined grains do not contain the ________,
vitamin E and some of the B vitamins or
other nutrients of whole grains
magnesium
what are the three most common monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose and galactose
what is sucrose made of?
glucose and fructose
hydrolysis-_____sugar molecules
breaks
dehydration- ____ tow sugar molecules
links
What are some examples of oligosaccharides
glycogen, starch and fiber
dietary fiber (can or cannot) be digested or absorbed by humans
cannot
what are some good sources of soluble fiber?
bananas, oats, apples, legumes, raisins
Good sources of insoluble fiber?
wheat bran, whole wheat, corn, broccoli, nuts and seeds
what organ regulates glucose in the blood?
the liver and enzymes from the pancreas
glycemic response-
how fast your blood glucose rises after carb consumption
how much ATP is used in cellular respiration?
38 molecules
what is type 1 diabetes?
insulin is no longer made in the body
type 2 diabetes?
insulin is present but the cells do not respond (insulin resistance)
what are some long term complications from diabetes?
damage to blood vessels, kidneys, eyes and nervous system
goal of diabetes treatment?
keep blood gulcose levels within normal range
what is hypoglycemia?
over secretion of insulin in response to carb intake
what is a treatment for hypoglycemia?
frequent small meals high in protein
low carb diets cause less _____ to be released
insulin
diets high in _______ _______ have been found to reduce the risk of heart disease
whole grain
saccharin is an alternative sweetener that is ____-____x sweeter than sucrose.
180-200
SUCRALOSE IS _____ X SWEETER THAN SUCROSE
600
______g/day is RDA for carbohydrates
130
45-65% of kcal diet from ______
carbs
there is no UL for sugars t or f
true
what is the AI for dietary fiber?
grams/1000 kcals – Daily Value – 28 grams
