Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced nutrition > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Fats and oils contain___kcalories per gram

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The typical American diet contains about
_____ of its energy from fat

A

34%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the major form on lipids in food and in the body?

A

triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If only one fatty acid is attached to the glycerol,
it is called a__________

A

monoglyceride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If two fatty acids are attached to the glycerol, it
is called a _________

A

diglyceride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 fatty acids + glycerol =

A

triglyceride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What fatty acid has fewer than 6 carbons and remains liquid at cold temperatures?

A

short-chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What FA ranges from 6 to12 carbons
and solidify when chilled but are liquid at room
temperature

A

medium-chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

example of medium chain FA

A

coconut oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

example of short chain FA

A

milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What FA contains between 14 to 22
carbons, are usually solid at room temperature

A

Long chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

example of long chain FA

A

beef fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_______________fatty acids contain no carbon-carbon double bonds. Red meat, butter, cheese and whole milk are high in this like palmitic acid.

A

Saturated FA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____________ fatty acid contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond

A

polyunsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

__________ FA contains one C-C double bond and is present in olive, peanut oils and nuts and avocados. oleic acid

A

monounsaturated FA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

___________FA is when the first double bond occurs between the six and seventh carbon atom. corn oil, soybean oil and nuts. linoleic acid

A

omega-6 FA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

first double bond occurs between the 3rd and 4th carbon atoms. fish oils

A

omega 3 FA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

____________FA Contain carbons in a chain that are boundto two hydrogens

A

saturated FA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When fats are exposed to oxygen, the
damage is called _______

A

rancidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The essential fatty acids omega-3 and
omega-6 are unsaturated or Saturated?

A

Unsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated
fatty acids are _______ fatty acids

A

unsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

________ fatty acids can be created by
hydrogenation

A

Trans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

______ fatty acids have been shown to raise
blood cholesterol levels and increase the
risk of heart disease

A

Trans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Phospholipids are lipids attached to a
_______ group

A

phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

___________, such as lecithin, are
the major class of phospholipids
q Act as emulsifiers
q Phosphoglycerides form a lipid bilayer in cell
membranes, helping to regulate what can
pass into and out of a cell

A

Phosphoglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

__________Are a type of lipid found in plants and
animals that
n Do not dissolve well in water

A

sterols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cholesterol is a type of _____ found only in
animals
q More than 90% of cholesterol in the body is found
in cell membranes
q Diets high in cholesterol (from animals) can
increase the risk of heart disease
n Plant sterols can help reduce cholesterol in
the body

A

sterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

__________ Are transport particles for waterinsoluble lipids

A

lipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

lipoproteins Help transport triglycerides, cholesterol,
and fat-soluble vitamins from the ______ and stored lipids from the ______

A

small
intestine, liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

______________Are a combination of diet-derived
triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids,
and a small amount of protein

A

Chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

______________Help to transport long-chain fatty acids
into the lymphatic system and into the
blood stream without passing through
the liver
n Deliver triglycerides to the body’s cells

A

Chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the largest lipopriteins and contain most triglycerides?

A

chylomicron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Thes are smaller lipoproteins that are second to chylomicrons. still have a high amoount of triglycerides

A

VLDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

contains the highest portion of cholesterol than other lipoproteins

A

LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

densest lipoprteins due to hgih protein content

A

HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The _____ is the major lipid-producing
organ in the body

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

_________ transport lipids out of the liver and
deliver them to cells in the body

A

VLDLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The enzyme _____ ____removes
triglycerides from VLDLs, creating
intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs)

A

lipoprotein lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Approximately ⅔ of IDLs return to the liver;
the remainder are transformed in the blood
into _____________________

A

low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

_____ contain less triglyceride and more
cholesterol than VLDLs and deliver cholesterol
to the cells

A

LDLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

If the amount of LDL cholesterol in the blood
exceeds the amount that can be used by the
cells, the result is a _______ ______of LDLs

A

high level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

_________ _______ _______- in the blood have been associated with an increased risk for heart
disease

A

High levels of LDLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Can most cells break down cholesterol?

A

no

43
Q

Cholesterol is returned to the _____to be
eliminated from the body

A

liver

44
Q

This reverse cholesterol transport is done by
__________

A

high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

45
Q

____ _____ _____in the blood help to
prevent cholesterol from depositing in the artery walls

A

High levels of HDL

46
Q

High levels of HDL are associated with a
______ in heart disease risk

A

reduction

47
Q

Most lipids in the body are _______
stored in adipose tissue

A

triglycerides

48
Q

what is the most commonly consumed type of chain fatty acids? long, short medium?

A

Long chain

49
Q

saturated has no double bonds t or f

A

true!!! think of lard and how it stays firm

50
Q

unaturated fatty acids have double bonds t or f

A

true

51
Q

which omega fatty acid is over-consumed?

A

omega 6 fatty acids

52
Q

Our body can make omega fatty acids t or false

A

false, we have to get them in our food supply

53
Q

What two fatty acids are needed in the diet? are they unsaturated or saturated?

A

linoleic acid and linolenic acid

54
Q

Most animal fats and tropical oils contain
______________fatty acids

A

saturated

55
Q

__________fA are not saturated with hydrogen

A

unsaturated

56
Q

are omega 3 and 6 saturated or unsaturated?

A

unsaturated

57
Q

in ____ fatty acids, hydrgoens are on the same side of the double bond and cause a “bend” in the carbon chain

A

cis

58
Q

in _____ fatty acids the hydrogens are on opposite sides makeing the carbon chain straighter

A

trans

59
Q

a steak has fat on the outside at room temp because it is high in ___________ FA

A

saturated

60
Q

veggie oil is liquid at room temp bc they are high in __________ FA

A

unsaturated

61
Q

margarine is high in ______ unsaturated fatty acids which allows triglycerides to pack tightly together.

A

trans

62
Q

______sterols can help reduce cholesterol in
the body

A

Plant

63
Q

a small amount of digestion occurs in the stomach because of _________ _______

A

gastric lipase

64
Q

the liver produces _____ which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in digestion

A

bile

65
Q

the pancreas releases pancreatic ______ which is released into the small intestine to break down triglycerides.

A

lipase

66
Q

in the small intestine, ______ are formed which move close to the microvilli to allow lipids to diffuse into mucosal cells

A

micelles

67
Q

inside these mucosal cells, everything is reassembled into triglycerides again and put into the _______ system, not the blood!

A

lymph

68
Q

lipids enter into what system while proteins and carbs enter where?

A

lymph and blood

69
Q

___________fatty acids help to
regulate blood pressure and blood clotting

A

Polyunsaturated

70
Q

__________ fatty acids are important for
growth, skin integrity, fertility, and the
structure and function of cell membranes

A

Essential

71
Q

__________ are made from omega-3 and
omega-6 fatty acids
q Help regulate blood clotting, blood pressure
and immune function

A

Eicosanoids

72
Q

what are some symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency?

A

Symptoms include dry and scaly skin, liver
abnormalities, poor wound healing,
growth failure in infants, and impaired
hearing and vision

73
Q

28 grams of _______ is suggested per day.

A

fiber

74
Q

omega _ is connected to linoleic, veggie oils and meats

A

6

75
Q

omega _ is connected with linoleNic, flaxseeds, walnuts and soy

A

3

76
Q

where do you get arachiodonic acids?

A

meat and eggs, part of the omega 6 group

77
Q

where do you get eicosapentenoic acid? (EPA)

A

fish oils, this is part of the omega 3 FA

78
Q

what are the differences in omega 6 and 3 derived eicosanoids?

A

omega 6 are known for increasing inflamation, blood clotting and pressure.

omega 3 decreases inflamation, clotting and pressure.

79
Q

fat has ____x more energy than protein and carbs

A

2.5

80
Q

feasting: when excessive energy is consumed it is stored as __________ in adipose tissue

A

triglycerides

81
Q

fasting: when no food has been eaten for a while, triglyceries are broken down adn released as _________ _______as an energy source

A

fatty acids

82
Q

_____million Americans suffer from some
form of cardiovascular disease

A

85.6

83
Q

__________ is a disease in which lipids
and fibrous materials are deposited in
artery walls

A

Atherosclerosis

84
Q

what is a high risk cholesterol in mg/100ml? low?

A

High: >240
low: less than 200

85
Q

what is a high risk LDL in mg/100ml? Low?

A

High: >160
low: <100

86
Q

what is a high risk HDLin mg/100ml? Low?

A

High: <40
low: LESS THAN 60

87
Q

would having a low HDL or LDL put you at high risk?

A

low HDL is at higher risk

88
Q

when was cholesterol removed from the DGA recommendation?

A

2015

89
Q

does dietary cholesterol affect blood cholesterol?

A

NO

90
Q

Calculating energy from fat
q Energy (kcal) from fat = grams fat x 9 kcal/g fat
q Example:
n 30 grams fat x 9 kcal/gram = 270 kcal from fat

A

Practice this!!!!!

91
Q

n Calculating % energy from fat
q % energy from fat = Kcal from fat/total kcal x 100
q Example:
n 200 kcal from fat/1200 kcals x 100 = 16.7%

A

PRACTICE

92
Q

50% of breastmilk is ____

A

FAT

93
Q

IN pregnancy, often suggest to eat a higher fat diet. t or false

A

true

94
Q

babies need high fat diets t or f

A

true!!!

95
Q

there are no daily values for _____, ______ and ___________ fats.

A

trans, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated. Sometimes poly and mono can be on products voluntarily.

96
Q

on a nutrition label, %DV is listed for _______, _________ and ________.

A

total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol.

97
Q

it is recomended to consume less than _____% of calories as fat.

A

30%

98
Q

consume no more than _____mg of cholesterol per day.

A

300 mg

99
Q

fat free means…

A

it contains less than 0.5 g of fat per serving

100
Q

low fat means it contains….

A

less than 3 g of fat per serving

101
Q

reduced fat means it contains…….

A

25% less fat per serving than the OG

102
Q

the artificial fat Olestra can or cannot be digested by humans?

A

it cannot. It is excreted into the feces

103
Q

how many kcals does sucrose add per gram?

A

4 kcals

104
Q

what are the only essentail FAs that we worry about bc we cannot make it

A

linoleic and linolinic

105
Q
A

Advanced nutrition (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions