Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced nutrition > proteins > Flashcards

proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rarest deficiency in the US?

A

protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

As a country’s economy _________, the
proportion of animal foods in the diet
tends to increase

A

improves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most of the world relies on _____ proteins
from grains and vegetables

A

plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

About ________ of dietary protein comes
from meat, poultry, seafood, eggs and dairy
products

A

two-thirds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

animal products are low in _____and
can be high in fat

A

FIBER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_______amino acids cannot be
synthesized by the human body in
sufficient amounts to meet needs

A

Essential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

A

Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

WHAT ARE THE NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

A

alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine and tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When a nonessential AA is not in the diet, it can be made in the body by __________

A

transamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is a dipeptide bond formed?

A

between 2 amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Protein shape determines its function and does not affect the nutrient value t or f

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HEMOGLOBIN IS SPHIRICAL

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Food allergies are triggered when a protein from
the diet is absorbed without being completely
_________

A

digested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What copies the code for a protein from the DNA in the nucleus?

A

mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the mRNA take genetic information to?

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When at the ribosomes, ______ reads the genetic code and delivers the AA to the ribosome to form a polypeptide chain.

A

tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

animal protein sources have B vitamins, minerals like _____, zinc and calcium

A

iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Plant sources of protein are also a good
source of B vitamins, iron, zinc, fiber,
phytochemicals and calcium, but in less
_______ forms

A

absorbable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

______ proteins are often low in amino acids, so you need more than one combination to get everything you need.

A

plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The two most common limiting AA are?????

A

methionine and lysine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_____ are considered a perfect protein

A

eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In the small intestine, protein digesting enzymes from the ________ and the microvilli break down polypeptides into AA

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hydrochloric acid and _____ break down protein in the stomach

A

pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

AA pass from ______ into the_______and travel to the _______

A

AA pass from mucosal cell into the blood and travel to the _liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

true or false, dietary protein is often lost in the feces.

A

FALSE, VERY LITTLE IS LOST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

People with ______ _______ are more prone to allergies because their damaged intestines allow for the absorption of whole proteins

A

GI disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

deanimation of ketogenic AA results in ___________ -___

A

acetyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

when energy is consumed in excess, ______ can be used to synthesize Fatty acids

A

deamination into acetyl-coA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

protein functions in almost EVERYTHING

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

________________is a
term that covers a range of protein
deficiency conditions that may include
only protein deficiency or protein
deficiency plus energy deficiency

A

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

________ is a pure protein deficiency

A

Kwashiorkor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

______ is an energy and protein
deficiency

A

Marasmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Swollen belly indicates _______

A

protein deficiency or pure protein deficiency (Kwashiorkor)

34
Q

depletion of fat stores and wasting muscle indicates _____

A

marasmus - energy and protein deficiency- starvation

35
Q

What are some issues with too much protein over time?

A

hydration and kidney function issues, bone health issues, kidney stones, increased risk of heart disease and cancer

36
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited
condition attributed to a defective gene, sensitive to phenylalaine. it is found in _________

A

aspartame

37
Q

PKU causes phenylketones to be produced which is _______ to the brain

A

toxic

38
Q

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) consists of the amino acid _________- (or
glutamate) bound to sodium

A

glutamic acid

39
Q

Anecdotal reactions include flushed face,
tingling or burning sensations, headache,
rapid heartbeat, chest pain, and general
weakness

A

MSG symptoms

40
Q

What is commonly termed the chinese restaurant syndrome?

A

MSG symptoms

41
Q

Nitrogen in = nitrogen out. adults who consume adequate protein and are maintaining a constant body weight are in _______ _______

A

nitrogen balance

42
Q

nitrogen in is less than nitrogen out. diet is too low in energy or protein, total body protein decreases. due to injury or illness

A

negative nitrogen balance

43
Q

nitrogen in is greater than nitrogen out. total body protein increases. Usually during pregnancy or weight lifting.

A

positive nitrogen balance

44
Q

Protein: Adults require ______g/kg body weight per day

A

0.8

45
Q

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution
Range (AMDR) is ________ of energy for
adults

A

10–35%

46
Q

Protein needs decrease during periods of growth, pregnancy and lactation

A

FALSE THEY INCREASE

47
Q

Protein need calculation for 70 kg person
70 kg x 0.8 g/kg/day = 56 g of protein/day

A

true

48
Q

because AA are absorbed throug hte same trasnpsort systems, supplementing one AA can cause a deficiency in another

A

true

49
Q

PER calculation

A

wt gain / wt gain when fed reference protein

50
Q

net protein calculation

A

nitrogen retained / nitrogen consumed x 100

51
Q

BV calculation

A

nitrogen retained / nitrogen absorbed x 100

52
Q

PCDAAS calculation

A

amount of limiting AA in test protein / amount of AA required x protein digestibility

53
Q

chemical or AA score calculation

A

mg of limiting AA of test protein / mg of limiting AA of reference protein x 100

54
Q

what is a lacto ova vegetarian?

A

excludes animal flesh but does include eggs and dairy

55
Q

lacto vegetarian?

A

excludes animal flesh and eggs but does include dairy

56
Q

which B vitamin is hardest to get from a vegan diet?

A

B12, its only in animal products

57
Q

________ = transfer of amino group
from one AA to AA carbon skeleton or a-keto
acid

A

Transamination

58
Q

nitrogen balance: _____% of protein = Nitrogen

A

16%

59
Q

protein = N x _____

A

6.25

60
Q

how do you calculate nitrogen balance?

A

protein intake/ 6.25 - g urinary urea N - (0.2 x urinary urea N) - 2g

61
Q

t or false, there are nitrogens in lipids and carbs

A

FALSE its only from protein

62
Q

High quality (complete) protein
q Contains ample amount of all ____essential AA

A

9

63
Q

Low quality (incomplete) protein
q Deficient or low in __________essential AA

A

one or more

64
Q

_____ – low in grains

A

Lysine

65
Q

______ – low in legumes

A

Methionine

66
Q

which ratio is used by the FDA to set standards for baby food?

A

PER = gram weight gain/ gram protein consumed

67
Q

what is the maximum value of PDCAAS?

A

1.0

68
Q

What is the RDA for protein? Practice this!
person weighs 154 pounds how much protein do they need according to the RDA of 0.8g/kg?

A

0.8 gram of protein / kg of healthy bw= kg
154lb / 2.2kg/ lb = 70 kg
70 kg x .8 g protein/ kg heathy bw = 56 g protein

69
Q

legumes are often missing the AA _____

A

methionine

70
Q

graims are often missing AA ______. ____ and _________

A

lysine, threonine and tryptophan

71
Q

how much does the RDA for protein increase with pregnancy?

A

10 to 15 g/day

72
Q

how much could the RDA for protein increase for endurance athletes?

A

1.2 – 1.7
g/kg healthy weight

73
Q

excess protein is stored as protein

A

FALSE

74
Q

what is the RDA for protein in adults?

A

0.8g/kg

75
Q

there is a UL for protein

A

FAlse, there is none

76
Q

AA supplements can _________ the __________ mechanisms in the body

A

overwhelm and absorptive

77
Q

excess of one AA can hamper absorption of others. t or f

A

true

78
Q

supplements can cause imbalances and toxicity especially with _________ and _______

A

methionine and tyrosine

79
Q

after 25, weight gain = ____

A

fat gain

80
Q

lean muscle mass _________ with increasing age

A

decreases

Advanced nutrition (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions