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Advanced nutrition > energy balance and weight management > Flashcards

energy balance and weight management Flashcards

1
Q

What is set point in weight?

A

It is where your body wants to be at weight wise - resistant weight change

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2
Q

what is satiety?

A

The feeling of fullness and satisfaction

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3
Q

What does ghrelin do when it comes to appetite?

A

increases appetite

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4
Q

what does Cholecystokinin and peptide YY do when it comes to appetite?

A

suppresses appetite

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5
Q

factors contributing to obesity-

A

Inheriting a thrifty metabolism
n Adaptive thermogenesis
n Futile cycling
n Brown adipose tissue
n Differences in energy expenditure during
PA

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6
Q

what is a healthy BMI?

A

> 18.5 but < 25

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7
Q

what is an overweight BMI

A

> 25 but < 30

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8
Q

obese BMi

A

> 30

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9
Q

adults should have a minimum of ______minutes of PA per week

A

150

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10
Q

A healthy diet promotes a reasonable weight loss of __________ __________pounds a week and do not restrict under ________-kcal a day.

A

0.5 to 2 and 1200

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11
Q

True or false: When it comes to certrain pharmacological weight loss drugs, Triglycerides are not digested and are excreted in the feces and their energy is lost.

A

True

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12
Q

feasting increases ________ and excretes more _______ in urine

A

insulin nitrogen

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13
Q

fasting- when insulin level is low –break down ________

A

glycogen

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14
Q

t or f: in fasting, it is not possible to make glucose from fatty acids, need to switch to ketones

A

true

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15
Q

Fasting: First few weeks – body temperature _______
pulse rate decreases, blood pressure goes down
– become ________

A

decreases, lethargic

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16
Q

Gluconeogenesis slows in fasting– increase in ketone bodies – after about 10 days of fasting, ketone
bodies meet ______ _____ energy needs

A

nervous system’s

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17
Q

First few days in fasting – ________ and _________ are primary
fuels – get glucose from glycerol and
glucogenic amino acids

A

fat and protein

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18
Q

in fasting-Have about 3 weeks of energy needs – protein
deficiency - will see _______because of blood protein losses

A

swelling

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19
Q

Final stages in fasting – attacks the______ and ________ and have
organ failure
n Takes about 60 days

A

liver and kidneys

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20
Q

fasting Affected by: age – body fat (________), gender, and inactivity

A

(the
more the better)

21
Q

what age is the best in reaction to fasting?

A

Middle aged

22
Q

BMI = Body weight / ____

A

height squared

23
Q

desirable amount of body fat in women

A

21 – 35%

24
Q

desirable amount of body fat in men

A

8 – 24%

25
Q

t or f: underwater weighing is the most accurate because fat is less dense than lean tissue and fat floats

A

true

26
Q

how to measure body density?

A

body weight / body volume

27
Q

% body fat =

A

(495 / body density) - 450

28
Q

Use calipers to measure
subcutaneous fat with ________ _____

A

skinfold thickness

29
Q

Fat is resistant to ________flow; the more the
resistance, the more body fat you have

A

electrical

30
Q

x ray absorptiometry is used to study ________

A

osteoporosis

31
Q

Genetics account for ~_____ of weight
differences

A

40%

32
Q

Identical twins raised apart have _____
weights

A

similar

33
Q

Obesity is ______ allowing nature to express
itself

A

nurture

34
Q

_______ of fat is influenced by genetics

A

Location

35
Q

A child with no obese parents has a ___ chance
of becoming obese

A

10%

36
Q

A child with 1 obese parent has a ____chance

A

40%

37
Q

A child with 2 obese parents has an ____ chance

A

80%

38
Q

Body fat contains _______kcal per pound

A

3500

39
Q

Fat storage (body fat plus supporting lean
tissues) contains _____ kcal per pound

A

2700

40
Q

Must have an energy deficit of _______
kcal to lose a pound per week

A

2700-3500

41
Q

Lean tissue and water account for
dramatic weight loss in ______ diets

A

fad

42
Q

__________-like medications
(Phenteramine)
q Prolongs the activity of epinephrine and
norepinephrine in the brain
q Decreases appetite
q Not recommended for long term use

A

Amphetamine

43
Q

________(Meridia)
q Enhances norepinephrine and serotonin
activity
q Decreases appetite (eat less)
q Not recommended for people with HTN

A

Sibutramine

44
Q

_______(Xenical)
q Inhibits fat digestion (lipase)
q Reduces absorption of fat in the small
intestine
q Fat is deposited in the feces (side effects)
q Must control fat intake
q Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins
q Supplements needed

A

Orlistat

45
Q

a very low calorie diet is _______ ______kcal per day

A

400-800

46
Q

obesity and poverty are connected t or false

A

true

47
Q

overweight has been connected to living longer

A

true

48
Q

Individuals with ______ _____ stored have a
greater risk of early death than those who
have body fat within the normal range
n BMI of under 18.5 kg/m2

A

little fat

49
Q

_____ = weight in lbs/(height in inches)^2 x 703

A

BMI

Advanced nutrition (15 decks)

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