energy balance and weight management Flashcards
What is set point in weight?
It is where your body wants to be at weight wise - resistant weight change
what is satiety?
The feeling of fullness and satisfaction
What does ghrelin do when it comes to appetite?
increases appetite
what does Cholecystokinin and peptide YY do when it comes to appetite?
suppresses appetite
factors contributing to obesity-
Inheriting a thrifty metabolism
n Adaptive thermogenesis
n Futile cycling
n Brown adipose tissue
n Differences in energy expenditure during
PA
what is a healthy BMI?
> 18.5 but < 25
what is an overweight BMI
> 25 but < 30
obese BMi
> 30
adults should have a minimum of ______minutes of PA per week
150
A healthy diet promotes a reasonable weight loss of __________ __________pounds a week and do not restrict under ________-kcal a day.
0.5 to 2 and 1200
True or false: When it comes to certrain pharmacological weight loss drugs, Triglycerides are not digested and are excreted in the feces and their energy is lost.
True
feasting increases ________ and excretes more _______ in urine
insulin nitrogen
fasting- when insulin level is low –break down ________
glycogen
t or f: in fasting, it is not possible to make glucose from fatty acids, need to switch to ketones
true
Fasting: First few weeks – body temperature _______
pulse rate decreases, blood pressure goes down
– become ________
decreases, lethargic
Gluconeogenesis slows in fasting– increase in ketone bodies – after about 10 days of fasting, ketone
bodies meet ______ _____ energy needs
nervous system’s
First few days in fasting – ________ and _________ are primary
fuels – get glucose from glycerol and
glucogenic amino acids
fat and protein
in fasting-Have about 3 weeks of energy needs – protein
deficiency - will see _______because of blood protein losses
swelling
Final stages in fasting – attacks the______ and ________ and have
organ failure
n Takes about 60 days
liver and kidneys
fasting Affected by: age – body fat (________), gender, and inactivity
(the
more the better)
what age is the best in reaction to fasting?
Middle aged
BMI = Body weight / ____
height squared
desirable amount of body fat in women
21 – 35%
desirable amount of body fat in men
8 – 24%
t or f: underwater weighing is the most accurate because fat is less dense than lean tissue and fat floats
true
how to measure body density?
body weight / body volume
% body fat =
(495 / body density) - 450
Use calipers to measure
subcutaneous fat with ________ _____
skinfold thickness
Fat is resistant to ________flow; the more the
resistance, the more body fat you have
electrical
x ray absorptiometry is used to study ________
osteoporosis
Genetics account for ~_____ of weight
differences
40%
Identical twins raised apart have _____
weights
similar
Obesity is ______ allowing nature to express
itself
nurture
_______ of fat is influenced by genetics
Location
A child with no obese parents has a ___ chance
of becoming obese
10%
A child with 1 obese parent has a ____chance
40%
A child with 2 obese parents has an ____ chance
80%
Body fat contains _______kcal per pound
3500
Fat storage (body fat plus supporting lean
tissues) contains _____ kcal per pound
2700
Must have an energy deficit of _______
kcal to lose a pound per week
2700-3500
Lean tissue and water account for
dramatic weight loss in ______ diets
fad
__________-like medications
(Phenteramine)
q Prolongs the activity of epinephrine and
norepinephrine in the brain
q Decreases appetite
q Not recommended for long term use
Amphetamine
________(Meridia)
q Enhances norepinephrine and serotonin
activity
q Decreases appetite (eat less)
q Not recommended for people with HTN
Sibutramine
_______(Xenical)
q Inhibits fat digestion (lipase)
q Reduces absorption of fat in the small
intestine
q Fat is deposited in the feces (side effects)
q Must control fat intake
q Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins
q Supplements needed
Orlistat
a very low calorie diet is _______ ______kcal per day
400-800
obesity and poverty are connected t or false
true
overweight has been connected to living longer
true
Individuals with ______ _____ stored have a
greater risk of early death than those who
have body fat within the normal range
n BMI of under 18.5 kg/m2
little fat
_____ = weight in lbs/(height in inches)^2 x 703
BMI
