Water Resources Lec.6 Flashcards
For how long does Joaquin River run dry?
40mi
Is the water on earth leaving or being redistributed?
Redistributed
What percent of people do not have enough water?
10%
What percentage of people must drink and bathe in water that isn’t sanitary?
40%
What percentage of water is available for use?
1/100 of 1%
What percentage of water is held in glaciers?
35 mil cubic kilometers
Linkage of all marine and freshwater aquatic environments; process of water travel from atmosphere to earth to atmosphere
Hydrological cycle
What happens to toxins during the Hydrological cycle?
They’re picked up, transported, or eliminated
The land area surrounding a body of water over which water could floe and potentially enter the body of water
Watershed
The WHO
estimates…
-2 bil people don’t have clean water
-265 mil gallons of sewage enter Gange R. Daily
-3000 people die from water borne illnesses daily in Africa
- 2/3 people will face water shortages by 2025
Whereis water in the US being used?
Agriculture(70%), Industry(22%), Domestic (8%)
In many developing nations what do people use to meet their basic needs?
Nearby surface water
An underground region of soil or porous rock which is saturated with water
Aquifer
The process of water soaking into the ground
Infiltration
The top of the underground water-saturated region
Water table
Fresh water is replaced by salt water
Salt water intrusion
Do full freshwater aquifers tke in sea water ?
No
Where does Georgia get most of their water?
ACT
ACF river basins
How to solve the water demand in Georgia?
Damming rivers and creating reservoirs
What are the benefits of damming rivers and creating reservoirs?
Source of freshwater
Flood control
Electricity production
Boating, fishing, and other recreation
What are downsides of damming rivers and creating reservoirs?
Evaporation
Others live downstream from us
What percentage of metro Atlanta’s water is from rivers, lakes, and streams?
99%
What are the man-made reservoirs in Atlanta?
Lake Lanier (ACF) and Lake Allatoona(ACT)
Who are the players in the tristate war
Georgia, Alabama, Florida
Who are the players in the 2 decade long Tri State War?
Georgia, Alabama, and Florida
How can water usage be reduced?
New water-efficient technologies
waste water
Buying and using less energy
A massive hydroelectric dam that spans the Yangtze R. And is the worlds largest power station
Three Gorges Dam
What does the gorges dam do?
Produces electricity
Increased shipping capacity
reduced the potential for floods downstream (water shortage space)
Down sides of gorges damn
Relocated 1.2 mil people
Freshwater fish affected
Earthquake
Sediment settles
Balancing water budget…?
Increase reserves
And we can Reduce withdrawals (conservation, grey water, landscape architecture)
Pre urban evaporation and transpiration
Pre:
40% evaporated
10% surface runoff
50% ground water
Urban evaporation and transpiration
25% evaporation
43% surface run off
32% groundwater
Water conservation tricks
Trees
Green roof
Downspout
Rain barrel
Permeable pavers
Rain gardens
Storm drain
Curb cutouts
In 1969 were there laws regulating what could be discharged into waterways
No
Which river was on fire
The cuyahoga river
Are sources of water pollution hard to pinpoint
Yes
Can be attributed to a certain place
Point source
A variety of sources contribute pollutants that can run off the surface of the land during rainfall and enter the water; air pollutants can fall directly with the rain
Non point source
Some industrial and agricultural sources discharge pollutants directly into a body of water
Point sources
Water shed includes what percent of the land in the lower 48 states?
1/3 or 33.3 %
What is the water shed land used for?
Agriculture
What causes a dead zone/ hypoxic area?
Excess nitrogen flowing into a body of water
A plot of land adjacent to a body of water that is affected by the water’s presence and that affect the water itself
A riparian area
How to protect riparian areas?
Planting vegetated buffer zones that slow runoff
They store nutrients in their tissue reducing the amount free to enter the water
Plants are nutrient sinks
Stabilize banks and prevent erosion and the deepening of the channel
Plant roots
Slows runoff and allows water to soak into the ground
Ground vegetation
Cools water; cooler water can hold more oxygen
Shade
Provide food
Trees
Clean water act (established pollution standards)
1972
