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Ecology > Global Climate Change Evidence And Drivers Lec 18 > Flashcards

Global Climate Change Evidence And Drivers Lec 18 Flashcards

1
Q

People often confuse what is happening where they live as an indication for what is happening globally, true or false?

A

True

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2
Q

When was the 2nd warmest august behind 1998?

A

August 2011

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3
Q

Global warming is now referred to as ?

A

Climate change

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4
Q

What indicators increase in a warming world

A

Air temp
Humidity
Ocean heat content
Sea level
Sea surface temp
Temp over oceans and land

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5
Q

In a warming world do the indicators increase or decrease?

A

Decrease

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6
Q

How do we know with some certainty past climatic trends?

A

Proxy data

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7
Q

The study of past climates

A

Paleoclimatology

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8
Q

Physical characteristics of the past Environmental conditions

A

Proxy data

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9
Q

Proxy data can come from?

A

Tree rings
Ice cores
Fossil pollen
Ocean sediments
Coral
Historic data (ships, newspapers wtc,)

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10
Q

What are corals skeletons made from

A

Calcium carbonate

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11
Q

What does calcium carbonate include?

A

Isotopes of oxygen and trace metals that can determine temp of water the coral grew

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12
Q

Identify plant species from which they came?

A

Pollen grains with distinct shapes

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13
Q

What do the pollen grains say?

A

Kinds of plant’s growing at time of deposit and climate of the area

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14
Q

What influences tree growth, patterns in rings, and density

A

Climate conditions

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15
Q

Trees contain?

A

Annual records of climate

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16
Q

Earths oceans and lakes have?

A

Sediment

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17
Q

What do scientists do with sediment?

A

Drill cores and examine the fossils and chemicals to interpret past climates

18
Q

A sedimentary rock with a hardened cement of calcium carbonate that binds other materials such as gravel, sand, clay and slit

A

Caliche (western USA)

19
Q

In an ice core which layer is more recent?

A

Top

20
Q

What do the air bubbles in ice core contain?

A

Chemicals

21
Q

World’s premier center for archiving, processing, and researching climate data

A

NOAA NCDC (National climatic data center)

22
Q

What are done with the NCDC’s observations

A

Processed
Quality controlled
Behavior is examined over time

23
Q

Has our past climate been stable?

A

No

24
Q

Why hasn’t past climate been stable?

A

-Earths orbit is round (closer to sun in summer)
-Earth’s current tilt is different from 9,000 yrs ago (cool summers & warm winters)
-Earth’s position is closer to the North star (in 12000 yrs itnwill point towards Vega)

25
Q

What 3 things explain past climate variation?

A

Milankovitch cycles

26
Q

What are theMilankovitch cycles?

A

Orbital eccentricity
Axial tilt (angle)
Axial precision ( direction)

27
Q

What is current axial tilt?

A

23.4 used to be 24.5

28
Q

What is driving rapid and large increase in global temp?

A

Human population; correlation between population growth and increased carbon emissions

29
Q

How many tons of CO2 added to atmosphere per person/ yr ?

A

1

30
Q

Large amount of green house emissions come from

A

Burning energy

31
Q

Long term storage of carbon?

A

Buried fossil fuels

32
Q

The keeling curve uses what pattern?

A

The sawtooth (plants take up CO2 during year)

33
Q

400 parts per mil for the first tome when?

A

May 9 2013

34
Q

When was the last time 400 parts per mil happened?

A

Before modern day humans (3-5 mil years ago)

35
Q

CO2 falls in summer and rise in the winter, true or false?

A

True

36
Q

Carbon comes in what 2 forms?

A

12 and 13

37
Q

Which carbon is lighter and more common?

A

12, 13 has an extra neutron

38
Q

Which carbon is left behind during photosynthesis? ( plants prefer one over the other)

A

13

39
Q

What is the process of plants using Carbon 12 called?

A

Stable Isotope Fractionation

40
Q

If increase in atmospheric CO2 is from burning fossil fuels, what is happening?

A

Relative amount of Carbon 13 to Carbon 12 will be decreasing

41
Q

Is there more or less carbon on earth?

A

No , it is just distributed differently. More in atmosphere than the ground

Ecology (14 decks)

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