Agriculture And Energetica

Question 1

How many plants are edible

Answer 1

30,000

Question 2

How many plant and animal species provide food ?

Answer 2

15 plant and 8 animal species

Question 3

What percentage of food do animal and plant species provide?

Answer 3

90%

Question 4

What percent of land is used for food production?

Answer 4

35%

Question 5

Human labor and draft animals used to produce food for the family?

Answer 5

Traditional

Question 6

Examples of traditional food production?

Answer 6

Shifting cultivation in tropical forests
Nomadic live stock herding

Question 7

Tropical trees are cut down and burned to clear land for planting

Answer 7

Traditional (Swidden) Agriculture

Question 8

What’s the purpose of Traditional (Swidden) Agriculture ?

Answer 8

Remove debris
Ash is high in minerals which help plants grow

Question 9

What must you have to know if a resource is renewable

Answer 9

Rates

Question 10

What do you need to ensure a similar yield at each harvest?

Answer 10

Regeneration time

Question 11

Research and development of technology that increased agricultural production worldwide, beginning in the 1930’s through 1970s

Answer 11

The Green Revolution

Question 12

What caused the increase in crop yields during the green revolution ?

Answer 12

-New high-yielding varieties of cereals
-Higher use if chemical fertilizers, pesticides and agro-chemicals
- Increased irrigation and mechanization

Question 13

Large inputs if energy ( fossil fuels, fertilizers, irrigation, and pesticides)

Answer 13

Industrialized agricultural practice

Question 14

What is needed/ happens with industrialized agriculture?

Answer 14

• large expanses of land
• organic matter removed
• soil is exposed to wind and water erosion
• lost nutrient cycle due to chemical fertilizers
• monoculture is susceptible to pests and plant diseases

Question 15

An artificial nitrogen fixation process which is the main industrial procedure for the production of amonia?

Answer 15

The harbor process

Question 16

What do high concentrations of nitrate lead to?

Answer 16

Birth defects
Cancer
Blue baby syndrome
Declining fisheries

Question 17

What percent of all agriculture is consumed by pests and diseases?

Answer 17

40%

Question 18

Why was DDT developed?

Answer 18

To control mosquito-borne illnesses

Question 19

Why did humans begin to do with DDT?

Answer 19

Used it to control outdoor and indoor insects
Aerial spraying ( in pools, fields, etc)

Question 20

Is DDT easily broken down?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What does DDT attach to and therefore do?

Answer 21

Attaches to body fat and travels up the food chain

Question 22

The process by which toxins are stored in the tissue if living things, and increase in concentration when passed through the food chain?

Answer 22

Bioaccumulation

Question 23

What was Rachel Carson’s job?

Answer 23

A marine biologist and conservationist

Question 24

What are Rachel’s writings credited for doing?

Answer 24

Advancing the global environmental movement

Question 25

What was rachel critical of?

Answer 25

Using large amounts of chemicals without fully understanding their effects.

Question 26

What did DDT do to birds?

Answer 26

Reduce the thickness of their shells

Question 27

When was DDT banned for agricultural use in the US?

Answer 27

1972

Question 28

Change in pesticides effectiveness is caused by what?

Answer 28

Genetic resistance

Question 29

The differential success of individuals within the population that results from their interaction with their environment

Answer 29

Natural Selection

Question 30

What characterizes natural selection?

Answer 30

The elimination of inferior individuals

Question 31

The proportionsl contribution of an individual to future generations

Answer 31

Fitness

Question 32

What are the 3 conditions of evolution by natural selection?

Answer 32

1. Variation among individuals of heritable characteristics 2. Offspring inherits variations 3 variation results in differences among individuals in fitness

Question 33

What are the problems with pesticides?

Answer 33

1 do not kill all individuals 2 The resistant individuals survive and reproduce 3 pesticide becomes useless against initial target 4. typically kill beneficial insects as well as harmful ones

Question 34

The ability of a pest to withstand exposure to a given pesticide, the result of natural selection favoring the survivors of past pesticide exposure

Answer 34

Pesticide Resistance

Question 35

How to maximize effects of pesticides and minimize environmental impacts?

Answer 35

Use short lived pesticides Use pesticides that target certain species Study life cycles of target pests to determine best time and place to use chemicals

Question 36

Reduced pesticide use by 75% Reduced costs by 90% Increased crop yield

Answer 36

Boll weevil pheromone trap

Question 37

Using natural predators and parasites to manage pests

Answer 37

Biological pest control

Question 38

Reduction in reproduction or survival of a species when at low population densities

Answer 38

Allee effect

Question 39

Combining ecological, biological and chemical methods

Answer 39

Integrated pest management

Question 40

Food accounts for how much of our ecological foot print?

Answer 40

25%

Question 41

Food transportation can increase footprint by what percentage?

Answer 41

10

Question 42

What are sustainable agricultural practices?

Answer 42

Soil conservation Reduce use of pesticides/ use manure Crop rotation Water conservation