Water and Carbon Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

First stage of water cycle

A

Evaporation: Heat from Sun makes oceans evaporate into water vapour
Transpiration: plants lose water through leaves

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2
Q

Second stage of water cycle

A

Condensation: Water vapour cools, producing clouds of tiny drops of water

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3
Q

Third stage of water cycle

A

Precipitation: Clouds rise, further cooling. Become heavy and fall as rain

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4
Q

Fourth stage Plan A of water cycle

A

Collection: water collects in streams and rivers, flowing to the sea, receiving treated sewerage and industrial waste

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5
Q

Fourth stage Plan B of water ccyle

A

Some water is diverted to reservoirs; purified in water treatment works and used for homes and industry , after use it is treated in sewerage works and returned to rivers

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6
Q

3 things that can happen after precipitation

A

Infiltration, glacier or run-off

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7
Q

What’s infiltration

A

Rain that soaks deep into the earth and is stored there

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8
Q

what’s run off

A

rain that collects in streams and rivers

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9
Q

How does carbon enter the atmosphere

A

respiration, burning fossil fuels, industrial processes (eg making lime)

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10
Q

How is carbon removed from atmosphere

A

photosynthesis, dissolving in rain and oceans

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11
Q

How is limestone made and how does it relate to the carbon cycle

A

the sea creatures use dissolved carbon dioxide to make their shells, after they die the shells can be turned into limestone, limestone can be heated to make lime- this releases co2

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12
Q

What is carbon stored as?

A

coal, oil, gas in the ground: made from the bodies of plants and animals that died millions of yrs ago

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13
Q

What happens with plants that are eaten by animals?

A

they help them grow, the animals die and are turned into fossil fuels, which when burned release co2

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14
Q

What’s the problem with the carbon cycle today?

A

More carbon being released into the atmosphere than is being dissolved into oceans or photosynthesis

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15
Q

What is the greenhouse effect? Why is it important?

What’s happening now?

A

Gases in the atmosphere like co2 act as an insulator and slow down heat loss from Earth into space. Without it there may be no life, if it’s not warm enough.
Too much co2 in the atmosphere causes an enhanced greenhouse effect, leading to global warming

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16
Q

What is global warming caused by?

A

Too much co2 in the atmosphere leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect- the earth cannot lose enough heat and so it becomes trapped here
excessive burning of fossil fuels
deforestation

17
Q

what do cows release and how? why is it bad?

A

methane, by digesting grass . Has same effect as carbon dioxide, ratio of 1:30

18
Q

What will global warming cause?

A

climate change
rising sea levels from melting glaciers
storms, floods, rain in Ireland

19
Q

What is being done by the govt to prevent further global warming?

A

Improved building standards
grants for solar panels and insulated houses
motor tax :more fuel, more tax
carbon tax on fuels
grants to convert grassland to forest -plant trees
cycle to work scheme- subsidies to workers

20
Q

What has worked so far against climate change?

A

LED streetlights in cork halved its electricity use and carbon footprint
new houses have better insulation and all have solarpanels
motor tax discouraged people from buying cars w powerful engines