Inheritance and variation

Question 1

define sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Involves two parents where the male and female gametes join together to form a zygote

Question 2

define asexual reproduction

Answer 2

involves just one parent with the offspring identical to the parent

Question 3

3 examples of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

strawberries- runners
onions-bulbs
potatoes-tubers

Question 4

example of a one celled organism asexual diving

Answer 4

amoeba - nucleus divides, cytoplasm divides, two daughter cells form

Question 5

define variation

Answer 5

the way members of the same species differ as a result of mutations.

Question 6

define mutations

Answer 6

changes in DNA

Question 7

define species

Answer 7

a group of organisms that are capable of breeding with each other and producing fertile offspring

Question 8

define fertile

Answer 8

an organism that is capable of producing young

Question 9

define chromosomes

Answer 9

lengths of dna wrapped around protein

Question 10

what shape does dna have

Answer 10

double helix

Question 11

how many chromosomes in human cells - explain the difference in females and males

Answer 11

46 - 22 pairs are the same in both

males: 1 X and 1 Y chromosome
females: 2 X chromosomes

Question 12

what sort of backbone does dna have

Answer 12

sugar phosphate

Question 13

the 2 cylinders in the middle of DNA strand, what are they?

Answer 13

bases - guanine and cytosine

Question 14

C in dna

Answer 14

cytosine

Question 15

g in dna

Answer 15

guanine

Question 16

a in dna

Answer 16

adenine

Question 17

t in dna

Answer 17

thymine

Question 18

what connects the cylinders (bases?) together in the middle of a DNA strand?

Answer 18

hydrogen bonds

Question 19

define genes

Answer 19

lengths of DNA along a chromosome. each gene controls the making of a particular protein

Question 20

where are the pairs of genes controlling a particular trait located?

Answer 20

each gene on a chromosome has a corresponding gene controlling the same trait in the same place on its partner chromosome

Question 21

how does the cell division in ovaries and testes differ?

Answer 21

they undergo a special type to form gametes with only half the chromosomes, so that when one sperm cell of 23 chromosomes joins with an egg cell of 23 chromosomes, a zygote is made!!

Question 22

What’s inheritance

Answer 22

The way traits are passed from parents to offspring

Question 23

How many factors (genes) does each cell carry for the control of each trait? What cell is the exception and how does that one work?

Answer 23

Two: gametes carry only one factor and they have two when they join during fertilization to form a zygote

Question 24

What’s the name of the guy with genetics?

Answer 24

Mendel (Mendelian inheritance, Mendelian crosses)

Question 25

Define expressed genes:

Answer 25

When the protein that a gene is controlling is actually made

Question 26

Define genotype

Answer 26

The genes that an organism possesses (Bb)

Question 27

Phenotype

Answer 27

The trains that can actually be seen

Question 28

Dominant gene

Answer 28

Prevents another gene from working

Question 29

Recessive gene

Answer 29

The gene that is prevented from working

Question 30

Steps in making a genetic cross example? The row headings

Answer 30

Mother, X, Father

Question 31

Column headings for a genetic cross example

Answer 31

Phenotype, Genotype, gametes, possible genotypes (for X) possible phenotypes

Question 32

Extract DNA from kiwi

Answer 32

Make extraction solution w washing up liquid, salt and water, add mashed kiwi to the extraction solution, filter the mixture to get the dna solution, add ice cold alcohol to the dna solution and the dna comes out like foam on top bc it’s not soluble in the ice cold alcohol