human reproduction

Question 1

reproduction definition

Answer 1

reproduction is the way new individuals are produced from their parents

Question 2

define sexual reproduction

Answer 2

involves a cell from each parent joining to form a baby

Question 3

define gametes

Answer 3

sex cells -the sperm and the egg

Question 4

define fertilisation

Answer 4

when the nucleus of the sperm joins with the nucleus of the egg to form a zygote

Question 5

whats a zygote

Answer 5

a fertilised egg

Question 6

function of scrotum

Answer 6

hold testicles at room temp

Question 7

function of testis

Answer 7

produce sperm

Question 8

the thing in the middle of the thing

Answer 8

urethra

Question 9

the little cloud underneath the bladder

Answer 9

seminal vesicle

Question 10

the egg underneath the bladder

Answer 10

prostate gland

Question 11

what do the seminal vesicle and prostate gland do

Answer 11

secrete seminal fluid to nourish sperm

Question 12

function of sperm duct

Answer 12

carries sperm to penis

Question 13

function of penis

Answer 13

allows sperm to be transferred to female

Question 14

function of vagina

Answer 14

holds penis during intercourse

Question 15

whats the cervix

Answer 15

entrance to the uterus

Question 16

function of fallopian tubes also known as

Answer 16

oviduct -where fertilisation takes place

Question 17

define menstrual cycle

Answer 17

series of monthly changes a woman’s body undertakes as it prepares for the possibility of pregnancy

Question 18

what happens in the ovary and the uterus day 1-5 of m.c

Answer 18

egg matures ; menstruation blod and tissue lost through vagina

Question 19

day 5-14 what happens in ovary and uterus?

Answer 19

egg matures; blood and tissue build up

Question 20

day 14 what happens in ovary and uterus

Answer 20

Ovulation -egg is releases into the fallopian tube (will die soon if not fertilised
blood and tissue build up

Question 21

14-28 what happens in ovary and uterus

Answer 21

hormones released in ovary

blood and tissue remain built up

Question 22

define ovulation

Answer 22

the release of an egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube

Question 23

define fertile period

Answer 23

the time during the menstrual cycle when fertilisation can occur and the female can become pregnant

Question 24

how is an embryo made

Answer 24

the zygote divides many times, producing a ball of cells aka embryo

Question 25

whats implantation

Answer 25

when the embryo arrives in the uterus and attaches to the lining of built up tissue

Question 26

what does the embryo become

Answer 26

a foetus at 8 weeks!!

Question 27

placenta function

Answer 27

allows movement of substances like nutrients between mother and baby

Question 28

amnion function

Answer 28

like a wall, holds the fluid surrounding the foetus

Question 29

umbilical cord function

Answer 29

has blood vessels connecting baby to mother

Question 30

amniotic fluid

Answer 30

protects baby from shock and infection

Question 31

uterus wall

Answer 31

muscular wall, will help push baby out

Question 32

cervix function

Answer 32

a plug of mucus here seals the entrance to the uterus during pregnancy

Question 33

vagina pregnancy function

Answer 33

the canal through which the baby is born

Question 34

what are the 3 stages of birth and what happens in each

Answer 34

labour :the amniotic fluid escapes, the cervix dilates, the uterus wall begins contracting
birth : as the uterus wall contracts, the baby is pushed through the birth canal outside
removal of placenta: the uterus wall contract again and push the placenta out

Question 35

how does breastfeeding happen

Answer 35

a hormone is produced after birth that causes the mammary glands (breasts) to make milk

Question 36

advantages of breastfeeding

Answer 36

has extra nutrients and antibodies
antibodies pass from mother to child
promotes bond between mother and baby
lowers risk of baby getting gastroenteritis

Question 37

define contraception

Answer 37

preventing pregnancy by preventing fertilisation or implantation

Question 38

define natural contraception

Answer 38

using knowledge of female’s menstrual cycle to estimate ovulation and the fertile period, and avoiding intercourse at that time

Question 39

define artificial contraception

Answer 39

using mechanical or chemical methods to prevent pregnancy

Question 40

name two methods of mechanical contraception

Answer 40

condom, diaphragm

Question 41

how does a condom work

Answer 41

a sheath is placed over the penis to collect and prevent sperm entering the female

Question 42

how does a diaphragm work

Answer 42

a specially fitted device is placed in the vagina to prevent sperm passing into the uterus

Question 43

name two chemical contraceptives

Answer 43

contraceptive pill, the bar

Question 44

how does the contraceptive pill work

Answer 44

has a hormone that prevents ovulation each month

Question 45

how does the bar work

Answer 45

small rod is implanted under the skin of a woman, releases a hormone that prevents ovulation each month

Question 46

why can some couples not get pregnant

Answer 46

they have hormone imbalances (low hormone levels) that either prevent ovulation or make insufficient sperm for fertilisation to occur- try HRT hormone replacement therapy - for men, stop drinking and smoking

Question 47

what’s IVF

Answer 47

in vitro fertilisation : eggs and sperm collected from woman and man, fertilised to produce an embryo, the embryo is frozen and transferred through the vagina into the uterus

Question 48

ethics of ivf

Answer 48

what happens if the frozen embryos are no longer needed
will excess embryos be used for stem cell research
is it ok to choose traits of your baby

Question 49

what’s a societal issue of human reproduction

Answer 49

AHR assisted human reproduction
who pays for them
can only the rich get them
should govt assist poor ppl who want them?