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Biochem > Water, Acids, Bases, Buffers > Flashcards

Water, Acids, Bases, Buffers Flashcards

1
Q

Concentration of Na+ in ECF (mmol/L)

A

145 (high)

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2
Q

Concentration of K+ in ECF (mmol/L)

A

4 (low)

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3
Q

Concentration of Cl- in ECF (mmol/L)

A

105 (high)

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4
Q

Concentration of HCO3- in ECF (mmol/L)

A

25 (high)

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5
Q

Concentration of Inorganic phosphate in ECF (mmol/L)

A

2 (low)

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6
Q

Concentration of Na+ in ICF (mmol/L)

A

12 (low)

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7
Q

Concentration of K+ in ICF (mmol/L)

A

150 (high)

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8
Q

Concentration of Cl- in ICF (mmol/L)

A

5 (low)

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9
Q

Concentration of HCO3- in ICF (mmol/L)

A

12 (low)

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10
Q

Concentration of Inorganic phospahte in ICF (mmol/L)

A

100 (high)

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11
Q

Is concentration of Na+ higher in ECF or ICF?

A

ECF

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12
Q

Is concentration of K+ higher in ECF or ICF?

A

ICF

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13
Q

Is concentration of Cl- higher in ECF or ICF?

A

ECF

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14
Q

Is concentration of HCO3- higher in ECF or ICF?

A

ECF

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15
Q

Is concentration of Inorganic phosphate higher in ECF or ICF?

A

ICF

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16
Q

Equation to calculate anion gap

A

[Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3])

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17
Q

Value proportional to the total concentration of molecules and ions dissolved in a solution

A

Osmolarity

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18
Q

Low concentration of protein in the ECF or ICF results in edema?

A

ECF

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19
Q

Value of Kw

A

1 x 10^-14

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20
Q

Concentration of [H+] and [OH-] in pure water

A

1 x 10^-7

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21
Q

Equilibrium constant for the dissociation of a proton from an acid in water

A

Acid dissociation constant (Ka)

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22
Q

Equation for Ka

A

Ka = ([H+] [A-]) / [HA]

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23
Q

pH of the stomach

A

2-3

24
Q

pH of the small intestine

A

8

25
Q

pH of the cytoplasm

A

~7

26
Q

pH of the mitochondria

A

~8

27
Q

pH of the lysosomes

A

~5

28
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

A

pH = pKa + log([A-)/[HA])

29
Q

Ratio of [HA] to [A-] at pH = pKa

A

1:1

30
Q

Blood pH

A

7.37-7.43

31
Q

Form that the body excretes H+

A

NH4+

32
Q

Enzyme that catalyzed the intracellular hydration of CO2 to H2CO3

A

Carbonic anhydrase

33
Q

Reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase

A

H2O + CO2 –> H2CO3 –> H+ + HCO3-

34
Q

Carbonic acid pKa

A

6.1

35
Q

Weak acid in the carbonic anhydrase reaction

A

CO2

36
Q

Conjugate base in the carbonic anhydrase reaction

A

HCO3-

37
Q

Equation to calculate blood pH from the bicarbonate buffering system

A

pH = 6.1 + log [HCO3-] / (pCO2 + 0.03)

38
Q

Value to multiply partial pressure of CO2 in order to get the concentration of CO2

A

0.03

39
Q

Partial pressure of CO2 includes which 2 forms of CO2

A

CO2 and H2CO3

40
Q

Occurs when the lungs cannot remove all the CO2 that the body produces

A

Respiratory acidosis

41
Q

Hypoventilation results in what changes to the blood

A

Increased CO2, increased [H+], decreasing pH

42
Q

Condition in which there is too much acid in body fluids

A

Metabolic acidosis

43
Q

Respiratory acidosis can be caused by

A

Hypoventilation

44
Q

Metabolic acidosis can be caused by

A

Addition of strong acid or loss of HCO3-

45
Q

Condition in which there are low levels of CO2 in the blood due to breathing excessively

A

Respiratory alkalolsis

46
Q

Hyperventilation can cause this condition

A

Respiratory alkalosis

47
Q

Hyperventilation causes what changes to the blood

A

Decreased CO2, decreased [H+], increasing pH

48
Q

Condition in which there is an increase in serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration

A

Metabolic alkalosis

49
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Addition of strong base or loss of acid

50
Q

Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) produces a large amount of this molecule

A

NH3 (free ammonia)

51
Q

Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has what affect on blood pH?

A

Free ammonia gets into blood and acts as a base (NH3 + H+ –> NH4+), reducing H+ and thus increasing pH

52
Q

Treatment of hyperventilation

A

Breathe into paper bag (increases CO2 in the blood and lower pH)

53
Q

Condition in which there is poor exchange of CO2 for oxygen

A

COPD

54
Q

COPD has what effect on pH?

A

Low blood pH due to extra CO2

55
Q

Prolonged vomiting can result in what condition?

A

Metabolic alkalosis due to loss of acid

56
Q

Compensation for metabolic acidosis

A

Respiratory alkalosis

Biochem (21 decks)

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