Carbohydrate Metabolism

Question 1

Type of bonds in amylose

Answer 1

alpha 1,4 glycosidic

Question 2

Carbohydrates that make up starch

Answer 2

Amylose and amylopectin

Question 3

Type of bonds in lactose

Answer 3

beta 1,4 glycosidic

Question 4

Monosaccharides in lactose

Answer 4

Galactose and glucose

Question 5

Type of bonds in sucrose

Answer 5

alpha 1,2 glycosidic

Question 6

Monosaccharides in sucrose

Answer 6

Glucose and fructose

Question 7

Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 7

Amylase

Question 8

Monosaccharides in maltose

Answer 8

2 glucose molecules

Question 9

Type of bonds in maltose

Answer 9

alpha 1,4

Question 10

Transporter that transports the monomers of lactose (galactose and glucose) from the lumen of the intestinal brush border into the cell

Answer 10

SGLT1

Question 11

Indigestible carbs are metabolized by

Answer 11

Bacteria in colon

Question 12

Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignins are what type of fiber

Answer 12

Insoluble

Question 13

Gums, mucilages, and pectins are what type of fiber

Answer 13

Soluble

Question 14

Bile acid is produced from this molecule

Answer 14

Cholesterol

Question 15

These decrease bile acid reabsorption and increase the need to produce more bile acid from cholesterol

Answer 15

Certain types of soluble fiber

Question 16

Condition caused by intestinal injury that affects the associated enzyme’s activity

Answer 16

Secondary lactase deficiency

Question 17

Age when lactase levels are high

Answer 17

1 month

Question 18

Lactase levels drop to adult levels at this age

Answer 18

5-7 years

Question 19

Lactose is converted to this in lactase deficient cells, causing increased water intake, distention of gut walls, malabsorption, and diarrhea

Answer 19

Lactic acid

Question 20

Lactose intolerance test where undigested lactose produces high levels of hydrogen

Answer 20

Hydrogen breath test

Question 21

Lactose intolerance test for infants and young children, as undigested lactose creates lactic acid and other fatty acids in stool

Answer 21

Stool acidity test

Question 22

Secondary active transporter that imports galactose and glucose into the cell
Coupled to transport of Na+ ions down their gradient

Answer 22

SGLT1

Question 23

Insulin increases the number of this protein on the cell surface
Vesicles containing this protein are exocytosed to the surface

Answer 23

GLUT4

Question 24

GLUT transporters are this type of transport

Answer 24

Passive transporters (translocases)

Question 25

GLUT transporter expressed in cell types with barrier functions (RBCs, blood-brain barrier, basal level in most tissue)
NOT in liver or muscle

Answer 25

GLUT1

Question 26

GLUT transporter found in liver, kidney, pancreas, and intestine

Answer 26

GLUT2

Question 27

GLUT transporter found in brain and nervous tissue

Answer 27

GLUT3

Question 28

GLUT transporter found in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, heart muscle

Answer 28

GLUT4

Question 29

GLUT transporter found in intestinal epithelium and spermatozoa

Answer 29

GLUT5

Question 30

High affinity glucose transporters

Answer 30

GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4

Question 31

High capacity, low affinity glucose transporter

Answer 31

GLUT2

Question 32

Fructose transporter

Answer 32

GLUT5

Question 33

Insulin-sensitive glucose transporter

Answer 33

GLUT4

Question 34

Glucose transporters in the brain

Answer 34

GLUT1 and primarily GLUT3

Question 35

Glucose in the CSF is taken up by neurons rapidly via this

Answer 35

GLUT3

Question 36

Fructose malabsorption can be caused by this deficient protein

Answer 36

GLUT5

Question 37

Co-administration of Na+ and glucose results in uptake in Cl- and water, helping to treat this condition

Answer 37

Cholera