Wars of the Roses 4 - Henry VI 1422-71 Flashcards
When was Henry VI born?
1421
When did Henry VI become king of England?
1422
When did Henry VI become king of France?
1429
When did the Anglo-Burgundian alliance end?
1435
When did Henry VI’s majority rule begin?
1437
When was York replaced by Somerset in France?
1445
When was the Treaty of Tours?
1444
When did Henry VI marry Margaret of Anjou?
1445
When was the loss of Normandy?
1449
When did Henry VI fall into a catatonic state?
August 1453 - December 1454
When did Gloucester die and York become heir apparent?
1447
When did Suffolk die?
2nd May 1450
When was Cade’s rebellion?
May-July 1450
When was York’s march on Dartford?
1452
When was York’s first protectorate?
March 1454 - February 1455
When was the Battle of Castillon?
17 July 1453
When was Prince Edward born?
October 1453
When was the Battle of St Albans?
2 May 1455
When was York’s second protectorate?
November 1455 - February 1456
When was the Battle of Blore heath?
September 1459
When was Loveday?
1458
When was the battle at Ludford Bridge?
October 1459
When was the Parliament of Devils?
November 1459
When was the Battle of Northampton?
10 July 1460
Who died at the Battle of Wakefield?
York and Salisbury
When was the Act of Accord?
October 1460
When was the Battle of Wakefield?
30 December 1460
When was the Battle of Mortimer’s Cross?
2 February 1461
When was Henry VI’s death?
1471
When was the Second Battle of St Albans?
17 February 1461
When was the Battle of Towton?
29 March 1461
When were the Battles of Hexham and Hedgeley Moor?
1464
When was the redeption of Henry VI?
1470
When was Henry VI captured and held in the tower?
1465
When and how was Joan of Arc killed?
She was burned for heresy in Paris in 1431
Who broke the English siege on France?
Joan of Arc - she escorted Charles VII to his coronation
Who ruled the council for Henry VI from 1422-37?
Humphrey Duke of Gloucester (Henry V’s 2nd surviving brother)
Who was regent in France?
Duke of Bedford (Henry V’s eldest brother)
When did the Duke of Bedford die?
1435
When was Paris recaptured?
1436
Who was the Duke of Bedford’s wife and who did she remarry?
Jacquetta of Luxembourg (later remarried Richard Woodville)
What allegedly foretold Edward, Earl of March’s victory at Mortimer’s Cross?
A parhelion
How much debt was Henry VI’s government in?
£370,000
When did Henry VI tour areas of rebellion and witness executions?
1451
When was Henry VI a prisoner of Edward IV?
1465-70
When was Henry VI replaced by Warwick?
1470-71
What were the terms of the Treaty of Tours?
Marriage to Margaret of Anjou (no dowry) and giving Maine to France
Why was Margaret of Anjou unpopular?
She was seen as a she-wolf, she was French, she promoted factionalism and she tried to exercise power
Why was John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, unpopular?
He was blamed for the Treaty of Tours, the loss of Maine and Normandy (Battle of Fougeres) and for manipulating Henry VI for royal patronage
How was John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, killed?
He was killed by pirates on the ‘Nicholas of the Tower’ (‘judicial murder’)
What happened when John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, was in the Tower of London?
Tried for treason in 1450, but cleared by Henry VI who banished him for 5 years
What were the causes of Cade’s rebellion?
Fear of reprisal over Suffolk’s death (from Saye and Crowmer), high taxation, loss of land in France and frustration with the corrupt government
What were the events of Cade’s rebellion?
1) Rebels marched to Blackheath
2) Henry VI fled to Kenilworth
3) Londoners fought off Cade
4) Cade killed
5) Act of Resumption and Henry VI tours the country witnessing rebel executions
When was York commander in France?
1440-45
How much did the government owe York?
£38,000
How many times did York apologise, pledge allegiance and was forgiven by Henry VI?
3
What role did York give Warwick?
Captain of Calais
Who was York’s son and when did he take over from him?
Edward, Earl of March in 1461
Why was Warwick so crucial in the fighting?
He broke the flanks at St Albans 1 and stopped foreign powers (Duke of Burgundy) from supporting Henry VI
