China 4 - The Cultural Revolution 1966-76 Flashcards
When was the 7000 Cadres meeting?
1962
When was the Socialist Education Movement?
1962
When were the early and later 10 points?
1963
When was the Little Red Book introduced?
1964
When was Liu re-elected as President?
1965
When was the critical article of Wu Han?
1965
When was the Cultural Revolution Group created?
March 1966
When was the Central Committee Memo?
16 May 1966
Who encouraged action by young people in 1966?
Lin Biao
When was Mao’s swim?
July 1966
When was the first mass rally?
18 August 1966
When did Liu Shaoqi die?
1969
When did Lin Biao die?
1971
When was the ‘Criticise Lin, Criticise Confucius’ campaign?
1973
When did Deng Xiaoping return to the politburo?
1975
When did Zhou Enlai die?
January 1976
When was the Tiananmen Square Incident?
April 1976
When was Deng banished to a pig farm?
1976
When did Mao die?
9 September 1976
When was Jiang Qing and the Gang of Four arrested?
October 1976
Who became the leader after Mao?
Hua Guofeng
What was Mao’s world record?
Mao claimed to have swum 9 miles in 65 minutes aged 72
What were the 5 red types?
The Children of workers, peasants, cadres, soldiers and revolutionary martyrs
What were the 5 black elements?
The children of landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries, bad elements and rightists
Who put an armband on Mao?
Binbin
What did Mao fear?
Losing power and position like Khrushchev and being treated like a “dead ancestor”
Who created the 10 points?
Early = Mao
Later = Deng Xiaoping
Who were the main pragmatists?
Liu and Deng
What were the 4 clean-ups?
Economy, organisation, politics and ideology
What were the targets of permanent revolution?
Remove bureaucracy and the new elite and refocus ideology
Who was in the Cultural Revolution Group?
Jiang Qing, Chen Boda, Yao Wenyuan and Zhang Chunqiao
What were the 4 olds?
Ideas, Culture, Customs and Habits
What did Mao say about revolution?
“Bombard the headquarters” and “it is right to rebel”
What is an example of Mao’s propaganda during the CR?
Big character posters
Who were the rival groups during the CR?
The red guards and the rebels
When was the January Storm?
January 1967
What was the January Storm?
The seizure of party control by workers in Shanghai
When was the February Adverse Current?
February 1967
What was the February Adverse Current?
Zhu De criticised for speaking out against chaos
When did the red guards battle the PLA in Wuhan?
April 1967
What happened in August 1967?
Foreign Ministry seized by Red Guards. Only PLA prevented them gaining access
to nuclear weapon facilities
When did Mao order the PLA to reign in violence?
1968
How was Liu punished?
He was imprisoned and his wife humiliated in struggle meetings
When did Peng Duhuai die?
1974
How was Deng punished?
He was exiled and his son paralysed
How many ordinary people were purged in the CR?
1.84 million
How many party roles were held by the PLA during the CR?
over 50% of the congress delegates
45% of the central committee
12/25 of the politburo
How many of the Central Committee was removed during the CR?
2/3
How many party cadres were purged during the CR?
70-80%
Give an example of a foreign embassy targeted during the CR
British embassy set on fire and staff beaten
Name two foreigners that were targeted in the CR
Sidney Rittenberg and Anthony Grey
How did Mao encourage young people to become Red Guards?
Free train travel and mass rallies
How many operas were permitted during the CR?
8
How was culture attacked during the CR?
Hai Rui’s grave defaced, Qing archway destroyed, Confucian temple in Shandong attacked, jewellery had to be handed to the state bank and long hair had to be cut
