China 4 - The Cultural Revolution 1966-76 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the 7000 Cadres meeting?

A

1962

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2
Q

When was the Socialist Education Movement?

A

1962

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3
Q

When were the early and later 10 points?

A

1963

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4
Q

When was the Little Red Book introduced?

A

1964

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5
Q

When was Liu re-elected as President?

A

1965

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6
Q

When was the critical article of Wu Han?

A

1965

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7
Q

When was the Cultural Revolution Group created?

A

March 1966

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8
Q

When was the Central Committee Memo?

A

16 May 1966

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9
Q

Who encouraged action by young people in 1966?

A

Lin Biao

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10
Q

When was Mao’s swim?

A

July 1966

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11
Q

When was the first mass rally?

A

18 August 1966

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12
Q

When did Liu Shaoqi die?

A

1969

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13
Q

When did Lin Biao die?

A

1971

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14
Q

When was the ‘Criticise Lin, Criticise Confucius’ campaign?

A

1973

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15
Q

When did Deng Xiaoping return to the politburo?

A

1975

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16
Q

When did Zhou Enlai die?

A

January 1976

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17
Q

When was the Tiananmen Square Incident?

A

April 1976

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18
Q

When was Deng banished to a pig farm?

A

1976

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19
Q

When did Mao die?

A

9 September 1976

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20
Q

When was Jiang Qing and the Gang of Four arrested?

A

October 1976

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21
Q

Who became the leader after Mao?

A

Hua Guofeng

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22
Q

What was Mao’s world record?

A

Mao claimed to have swum 9 miles in 65 minutes aged 72

23
Q

What were the 5 red types?

A

The Children of workers, peasants, cadres, soldiers and revolutionary martyrs

24
Q

What were the 5 black elements?

A

The children of landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries, bad elements and rightists

25
Q

Who put an armband on Mao?

A

Binbin

26
Q

What did Mao fear?

A

Losing power and position like Khrushchev and being treated like a “dead ancestor”

27
Q

Who created the 10 points?

A

Early = Mao
Later = Deng Xiaoping

28
Q

Who were the main pragmatists?

A

Liu and Deng

29
Q

What were the 4 clean-ups?

A

Economy, organisation, politics and ideology

30
Q

What were the targets of permanent revolution?

A

Remove bureaucracy and the new elite and refocus ideology

31
Q

Who was in the Cultural Revolution Group?

A

Jiang Qing, Chen Boda, Yao Wenyuan and Zhang Chunqiao

32
Q

What were the 4 olds?

A

Ideas, Culture, Customs and Habits

33
Q

What did Mao say about revolution?

A

“Bombard the headquarters” and “it is right to rebel”

34
Q

What is an example of Mao’s propaganda during the CR?

A

Big character posters

35
Q

Who were the rival groups during the CR?

A

The red guards and the rebels

36
Q

When was the January Storm?

A

January 1967

37
Q

What was the January Storm?

A

The seizure of party control by workers in Shanghai

38
Q

When was the February Adverse Current?

A

February 1967

39
Q

What was the February Adverse Current?

A

Zhu De criticised for speaking out against chaos

40
Q

When did the red guards battle the PLA in Wuhan?

A

April 1967

41
Q

What happened in August 1967?

A

Foreign Ministry seized by Red Guards. Only PLA prevented them gaining access
to nuclear weapon facilities

42
Q

When did Mao order the PLA to reign in violence?

A

1968

43
Q

How was Liu punished?

A

He was imprisoned and his wife humiliated in struggle meetings

44
Q

When did Peng Duhuai die?

A

1974

45
Q

How was Deng punished?

A

He was exiled and his son paralysed

46
Q

How many ordinary people were purged in the CR?

A

1.84 million

47
Q

How many party roles were held by the PLA during the CR?

A

over 50% of the congress delegates
45% of the central committee
12/25 of the politburo

48
Q

How many of the Central Committee was removed during the CR?

A

2/3

49
Q

How many party cadres were purged during the CR?

A

70-80%

50
Q

Give an example of a foreign embassy targeted during the CR

A

British embassy set on fire and staff beaten

51
Q

Name two foreigners that were targeted in the CR

A

Sidney Rittenberg and Anthony Grey

52
Q

How did Mao encourage young people to become Red Guards?

A

Free train travel and mass rallies

53
Q

How many operas were permitted during the CR?

A

8

54
Q

How was culture attacked during the CR?

A

Hai Rui’s grave defaced, Qing archway destroyed, Confucian temple in Shandong attacked, jewellery had to be handed to the state bank and long hair had to be cut