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A-Level History > Russia 6 - Social Developments 1917-85 > Flashcards

Russia 6 - Social Developments 1917-85 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was compulsory labour?

A

1918

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2
Q

When was Zhendotdel created?

A

1919

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3
Q

When was Zhendotdel abolished?

A

1930

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4
Q

When were internal passports?

A

1940

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5
Q

When was mass vaccination?

A

1947

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6
Q

When were women recruited for the Virgin Lands Scheme?

A

1953

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7
Q

When did BAM recruit women?

A

1974

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8
Q

When was Komsomol?

A

1918

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9
Q

When was the Decree on Illiteracy?

A

1919

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10
Q

When was the Young Pioneers?

A

1922

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11
Q

When were fees for primary schools abolished?

A

1927

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12
Q

When was gender segregation in secondary schools?

A

1943

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13
Q

When was abortion legalised?

A

1955

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14
Q

When were fees abolished for secondary schools and university?

A

1956

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15
Q

When was Almanac (the feminist movement)?

A

1976

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16
Q

Who was head of the Zhenotdel?

A

Alexandra Kollontai

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17
Q

What manuals did the government produce?

A

Teaching men how to ask women to dance and deal with rejection

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18
Q

What was Khrushchev’s concern?

A

That the USSR couldn’t produce significant sausage

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19
Q

What was Obshchesttvennitsa?

A

The movement of wife activists

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20
Q

Who directed early education policy?

A

Lenin’s wife - Nadezhda Krupskaya

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21
Q

What was LOTOS?

A

League for Emancipation from Stereotypes

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22
Q

Who organised rationing?

A

Prodraspred

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23
Q

How much did the amount of workers in Petrograd decrease by in 1917?

A

By 50%

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24
Q

How long was the working week under collectivisation?

A

7 days

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25
Q

How much did infant mortality decrease from 1940-50?

A

It halved

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26
Q

How much did the number of doctors increase by from 1947-52?

A

By 2/3

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27
Q

How much did Khrushchev increase the health and welfare budget?

A

It doubled

28
Q

How much did the pension budget under Khrushchev increase?

A

It quadrupled

29
Q

How much did spending on benefits increase under Brezhnev?

A

Increased 5% per annum

30
Q

How many people were unemployed under Brezhnev?

A

20%

31
Q

What was Kommunalka?

A

Communal living houses where each family had a room

32
Q

How much space did each family have in kommunalka?

A

5.5m^2 (decreased to 4m^2 in 1940)

33
Q

How was the housing situation after WWII insufficient?

A

15,000 beds for 26,000 people and 1 basin per 70 people

34
Q

How did housing change under Khrushchev?

A

Urban housing doubled - Khrushchyovka were cheap mass housing blocks (supposed to be temporary but continued into the 1980s) and allowed the reintroduction of privacy

35
Q

Why did the Zhenotdel recruit women?

A

For nursing and food distribution

36
Q

What happened to women under the NEP?

A

Rise in female unemployment and prostitution

37
Q

How much did the number of women in industry increase from 1928 to 1940?

A

From 3 million to 13 million

38
Q

How much of the workforce did women make up in 1955?

A

49%

39
Q

How much less did women get paid than men?

A

Women received 60-65% of men’s pay

40
Q

How many of the clerical positions were held by women?

A

74%

41
Q

What was the triple shift?

A

Farming, housework and handicrafts

42
Q

How many of the lowest paid farm workers were women in 1970?

A

72%

43
Q

How many of rural teachers were women?

A

80%

44
Q

How many women were in combat roles by 1945?

A

80,000

45
Q

Give an example of a female flying regiment during WWII

A

Night witches

46
Q

How did the role of women in propaganda develop?

A

1917-40 - vulnerable peasant woman
Post WWII - heroic women (e.g. Valentina Tereshkova)

47
Q

How many party members were female in 1929?

A

12%

48
Q

What is the most that women made up of the Central Committee?

A

4%

49
Q

What did the Zhenotdel achieve?

A

Access to education, contraception, abortion, equal rights to divorce and legalised prostitution

50
Q

When was postcard divorce introduced?

A

1926

51
Q

What happened during Stalin’s Great Retreat?

A

Abortion criminalised, contraception banned, sex outside marriage criminalised and lesbianism declared a disease

52
Q

How much did Khrushchev increase paid maternity leave?

A

From 77-112 days

53
Q

What news did Brezhnev supress?

A

Foreign woman’s rights

54
Q

What was the literacy level in 1917?

A

32%

55
Q

How much of the Red Army was literate in 1925?

A

100%

56
Q

What was the literacy level in 1928?

A

55%

57
Q

What was the literacy level in 1939?

A

94%

58
Q

How many children got four years of education in 1928?

A

Only 60%

59
Q

How many people went to university in 1953?

A

1.5 million

60
Q

How many children finished school in 1953?

A

100% primary and 65% secondary

61
Q

How many children completed secondary education under Khrushchev?

A

75%

62
Q

What teaching style did Khrushchev introduce to schools?

A

Polytechnic

63
Q

How many people went to university in 1980?

A

19%

64
Q

What was introduced in the 1970s to encourage attendance in schools?

A

Free meals and textbooks

65
Q

How many youth group members were there in 1982?

A

40 million

66
Q

What ages were each of the youth groups?

A

Octobrists = 5-9
Young Pioneers = 10-14
Komsomol = 14-28

A-Level History (16 decks)

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