Russia 6 - Social Developments 1917-85

Question 1

When was compulsory labour?

Answer 1

1918

Question 2

When was Zhendotdel created?

Answer 2

1919

Question 3

When was Zhendotdel abolished?

Answer 3

1930

Question 4

When were internal passports?

Answer 4

1940

Question 5

When was mass vaccination?

Answer 5

1947

Question 6

When were women recruited for the Virgin Lands Scheme?

Answer 6

1953

Question 7

When did BAM recruit women?

Answer 7

1974

Question 8

When was Komsomol?

Answer 8

1918

Question 9

When was the Decree on Illiteracy?

Answer 9

1919

Question 10

When was the Young Pioneers?

Answer 10

1922

Question 11

When were fees for primary schools abolished?

Answer 11

1927

Question 12

When was gender segregation in secondary schools?

Answer 12

1943

Question 13

When was abortion legalised?

Answer 13

1955

Question 14

When were fees abolished for secondary schools and university?

Answer 14

1956

Question 15

When was Almanac (the feminist movement)?

Answer 15

1976

Question 16

Who was head of the Zhenotdel?

Answer 16

Alexandra Kollontai

Question 17

What manuals did the government produce?

Answer 17

Teaching men how to ask women to dance and deal with rejection

Question 18

What was Khrushchev’s concern?

Answer 18

That the USSR couldn’t produce significant sausage

Question 19

What was Obshchesttvennitsa?

Answer 19

The movement of wife activists

Question 20

Who directed early education policy?

Answer 20

Lenin’s wife - Nadezhda Krupskaya

Question 21

What was LOTOS?

Answer 21

League for Emancipation from Stereotypes

Question 22

Who organised rationing?

Answer 22

Prodraspred

Question 23

How much did the amount of workers in Petrograd decrease by in 1917?

Answer 23

By 50%

Question 24

How long was the working week under collectivisation?

Answer 24

7 days

Question 25

How much did infant mortality decrease from 1940-50?

Answer 25

It halved

Question 26

How much did the number of doctors increase by from 1947-52?

Answer 26

By 2/3

Question 27

How much did Khrushchev increase the health and welfare budget?

Answer 27

It doubled

Question 28

How much did the pension budget under Khrushchev increase?

Answer 28

It quadrupled

Question 29

How much did spending on benefits increase under Brezhnev?

Answer 29

Increased 5% per annum

Question 30

How many people were unemployed under Brezhnev?

Answer 30

20%

Question 31

What was Kommunalka?

Answer 31

Communal living houses where each family had a room

Question 32

How much space did each family have in kommunalka?

Answer 32

5.5m^2 (decreased to 4m^2 in 1940)

Question 33

How was the housing situation after WWII insufficient?

Answer 33

15,000 beds for 26,000 people and 1 basin per 70 people

Question 34

How did housing change under Khrushchev?

Answer 34

Urban housing doubled - Khrushchyovka were cheap mass housing blocks (supposed to be temporary but continued into the 1980s) and allowed the reintroduction of privacy

Question 35

Why did the Zhenotdel recruit women?

Answer 35

For nursing and food distribution

Question 36

What happened to women under the NEP?

Answer 36

Rise in female unemployment and prostitution

Question 37

How much did the number of women in industry increase from 1928 to 1940?

Answer 37

From 3 million to 13 million

Question 38

How much of the workforce did women make up in 1955?

Answer 38

49%

Question 39

How much less did women get paid than men?

Answer 39

Women received 60-65% of men's pay

Question 40

How many of the clerical positions were held by women?

Answer 40

74%

Question 41

What was the triple shift?

Answer 41

Farming, housework and handicrafts

Question 42

How many of the lowest paid farm workers were women in 1970?

Answer 42

72%

Question 43

How many of rural teachers were women?

Answer 43

80%

Question 44

How many women were in combat roles by 1945?

Answer 44

80,000

Question 45

Give an example of a female flying regiment during WWII

Answer 45

Night witches

Question 46

How did the role of women in propaganda develop?

Answer 46

1917-40 - vulnerable peasant woman Post WWII - heroic women (e.g. Valentina Tereshkova)

Question 47

How many party members were female in 1929?

Answer 47

12%

Question 48

What is the most that women made up of the Central Committee?

Answer 48

4%

Question 49

What did the Zhenotdel achieve?

Answer 49

Access to education, contraception, abortion, equal rights to divorce and legalised prostitution

Question 50

When was postcard divorce introduced?

Answer 50

1926

Question 51

What happened during Stalin's Great Retreat?

Answer 51

Abortion criminalised, contraception banned, sex outside marriage criminalised and lesbianism declared a disease

Question 52

How much did Khrushchev increase paid maternity leave?

Answer 52

From 77-112 days

Question 53

What news did Brezhnev supress?

Answer 53

Foreign woman's rights

Question 54

What was the literacy level in 1917?

Answer 54

32%

Question 55

How much of the Red Army was literate in 1925?

Answer 55

100%

Question 56

What was the literacy level in 1928?

Answer 56

55%

Question 57

What was the literacy level in 1939?

Answer 57

94%

Question 58

How many children got four years of education in 1928?

Answer 58

Only 60%

Question 59

How many people went to university in 1953?

Answer 59

1.5 million

Question 60

How many children finished school in 1953?

Answer 60

100% primary and 65% secondary

Question 61

How many children completed secondary education under Khrushchev?

Answer 61

75%

Question 62

What teaching style did Khrushchev introduce to schools?

Answer 62

Polytechnic

Question 63

How many people went to university in 1980?

Answer 63

19%

Question 64

What was introduced in the 1970s to encourage attendance in schools?

Answer 64

Free meals and textbooks

Question 65

How many youth group members were there in 1982?

Answer 65

40 million

Question 66

What ages were each of the youth groups?

Answer 66

Octobrists = 5-9 Young Pioneers = 10-14 Komsomol = 14-28