China 2 - Agriculture and Industry 1949-65 Flashcards
When was the Agrarian Land Reform Law?
1950
When was the Sino-Soviet Mutual Assistance Treaty?
1950
When were MATs?
1951
When was the 1st Five Year Plan?
1952-56
When were APCs?
1953
When was the New Constitution?
1954
When were higher APCs?
1955
When was the first commune?
1958
When was the Great Leap Forward?
1958-62
When did the famine begin?
1959
When was the Lushan Conference?
1959
When did Soviet Advisors leave?
1960
When were grain imports?
1961
When was the power struggle between Mao and Liu and Deng?
1962
When were pragmatic reforms?
1962
When was the Chinese Atomic Bomb tested?
1964
How many bicycles were produced in the 1st 5 year plan?
Double the amount targetted
What was the first commune called?
Sputnik
How many landlords were executed in struggle meetings?
1-2 million
How much land was redistributed?
43% land was redistributed to 60% of the population
How many households were involved in struggle meetings?
88%
How much did agricultural productions increase from 1950-52?
15% per annum
How many households were in MATs?
10
Why were MATs not that effective?
They formalised existing arrangements
How many households were in APCs?
30-50
How many people were in APCs by 1955?
16.9 out of 110 million
How much did production increase under APCs?
2% per annum
What were the groups formed in the disagreements about collectivisation?
Gradualists and radicals
How many households were in higher APCs?
200-300
How many peoples were in APCs by 1956?
96% in APCs
88% in higher APCs
How did higher APCs and APCs differ?
Higher APCs were bigger and people only got compensated for labour, not land or equipment
How many APCs were turned into communes?
740,000 into 26,000
What was the combination of agricultural and industrial production called?
Walking on two legs
What were the four pests?
Sparrows, rats, flies, mosquitoes
What was the impact of the four pests campaign?
Plague of caterpillars
What was the official agricultural policy called?
Lysenkoism
What were the successes of the first five year plan?
16% growth per annum
Industrial production increased 15.5%
Heavy industry tripled
How much did the working class increase during the first 5 year plan?
6 to 10 million
What were the failures of the 1st 5 year plan?
Agriculture only increased 2.1% pa
Dependant on loans from the USSR
Health and education wasn’t prioritised
What were the successes of the GLF?
Irrigation schemes
Tiananmen Square
3 Gorges Dam
Ideologically Socialist
What were the failures of the GLF?
Backyard furnace campaigns
Industrial production fell 40%
Famine
How many people died in the famine?
30 million
What worsened the famine?
Typhoons and droughts
Why was Peng Duhuai exiled?
He raised concerns about the famine at the Lushan conference
When did Liu admit that the famine was manmade?
1962
Who designed the 3rd 5 year plan?
Chen Yun
What improved in the 3rd 5 year plan?
Light industry grew 27% pa
Heavy industry grew 17% pa
Consumer goods doubled
When did production return to the 1957 level?
1965
What were the main policies of the 3rd 5 year plan?
Experts promoted, communes were scaled back, reduced roles of low level cadres
