Russia 4 - Economic Policies 1941-85

Question 1

When was the Virgin Land Scheme?

Answer 1

1953

Question 2

When was the 6th 5 year plan?

Answer 2

1956

Question 3

When were Sovnarkhoz reforms?

Answer 3

1957

Question 4

When was the Corn Campaign?

Answer 4

1958

Question 5

When was the 7 year plan?

Answer 5

1959

Question 6

When was the division of the party?

Answer 6

1962

Question 7

When was the 8th 5 year plan?

Answer 7

1966

Question 8

When were the Kosygin reforms?

Answer 8

1968

Question 9

When was the 9th 5 year plan?

Answer 9

1971

Question 10

When was the Anti-Corruption campaign?

Answer 10

1982

Question 11

When did Khrushchev believe communism could be achieved by?

Answer 11

1980

Question 12

What led to an increase in military spending?

Answer 12

Berlin Crisis (1961) and Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

Question 13

What was the joke about Khrushchev’s meddling with the economic plans?

Answer 13

That instead of a 7 year plan, they had 3 plans a year

Question 14

When was the Liberman plan?

Answer 14

1962

Question 15

What was the Liberman plan?

Answer 15

Allowed local managers greater autonomy and allow the market instead of the state to determine prices (the plan was watered down by conservatives in the Politburo)

Question 16

How much did farm incomes increase by from 1952-56?

Answer 16

250%

Question 17

How much did tractor and fertiliser schemes increase by 1955?

Answer 17

30% increase in tractors
40% increase in fertiliser production

Question 18

What unfarmed lands were used for the Virgin Lands Scheme?

Answer 18

Kazakhstan, Caucasus and Western Siberia

Question 19

How did agricultural production under the Virgin Lands Scheme initially increase?

Answer 19

Production increased by 35.3%

Question 20

How much did farmers’ income increase under the Virgin Lands Scheme?

Answer 20

400%

Question 21

How much of the population worked in agriculture during the VLS?

Answer 21

44-54%

Question 22

How was agricultural production in 1964?

Answer 22

15% higher than 1958 but below target

Question 23

What were the negatives of the Virgin Lands Scheme?

Answer 23

Expensive and labour intensive

Question 24

What was the impact of the corn campaign?

Answer 24

Less efficient than US farms and less hay produced so feed production dropped 30%

Question 25

When was agricultural investment cut?

Answer 25

1959

Question 26

What were the problems with Khrushchev’s agricultural policies?

Answer 26

MTS abolished, central control didn’t reflect the local conditions, incorrect storage and Khrushchev tinkered with reforms too much

Question 27

What spending did Khrushchev focus on?

Answer 27

Focus on consumer goods over military spending

Question 28

What was the impact of the 7 year plan?

Answer 28

Increased chemical and synthetic fibre production and the production of consumer goods increased 60% (all still below target)

Question 29

What did the Sovnarkhoz reforms do?

Answer 29

Devolved power from gosplan to 105 regional planning agencies

Question 30

How was the party divided by Khrushchev?

Answer 30

Into agricultural and industrial halves

Question 31

What was the problem with light industry under Khrushchev?

Answer 31

The material was too heavy (e.g. steel too heavy for the light switches)

Question 32

How did Brezhnev implement restoration within the party?

Answer 32

Reunited the agricultural and industrial halves of the party, abandoned 7 year plan and centralised planning

Question 33

How long did the Kosygin reforms last?

Answer 33

Proposed in January and abandoned in August (Prague Spring)

Question 34

How much was military spending by 1970?

Answer 34

Increased from 11% to 13%

Question 35

What was the social contract?

Answer 35

Reliance on the black market (second economy) and Western imports to ensure job security and low prices

Question 36

How many people had consumer goods in 1980?

Answer 36

85% had TVs
70% had washing machines

Question 37

How many people had cars in 1980?

Answer 37

9% (but good public transport)

Question 38

What were Andropov’s economic policies?

Answer 38

Anti-corruption, anti-alcohol and operation trawl

Question 39

What was the growth per annum from 1950-58?

Answer 39

7.1%

Question 40

What was the growth per annum from 1958-64?

Answer 40

5.3%

Question 41

What was the growth per annum in the 1970s?

Answer 41

2%