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War of the Roses > War of the Roses quick facts and terms (starters and VLE) > Flashcards

War of the Roses quick facts and terms (starters and VLE) Flashcards

1
Q

What was indenture?

A

a legal agreement, contract, or document, establishing a relationship based on service

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2
Q

what was an affinity

A

all of those associated with a particular noble, including his household and his indentured retainers

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3
Q

what was an act of resumption?

A

An act to overturn decision and grants previously made, returning them to their original owner (usually the Crown).

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4
Q

what was the common weal?

A

The concept of the common good in society, from which all benefit.

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5
Q

what was an act of attainder?

A

The process of stripping a person of all rights, including inheritance and property holding.

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6
Q

what is the medieval term used for an individual living in or visiting England who was not born there.

A

Alien

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7
Q

what was a Knight of the Body?

A

An attendant on the King’s person who had frequent and intimate contact with the King.

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8
Q

what was a magnate?

A

A term for a powerful noble with great wealth.

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9
Q

what was livery?

A

clothing worn by a servant or supporter of a particular noble to both show their support and to indicate that they were protected by a powerful man

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10
Q

what were guilds?

A

Associations of craftsmen or merchants of the same craft or trade.

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11
Q

what was a retainer?

A

A person in the service of a lord/noble who is ‘retained’ whether by annual payment or another contract.

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12
Q

what was patronage?

A
  • The power & ability to grant offices, lands & other gifts
  • the support given by a patron to his followers in money, offices, land, or some other form
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13
Q

what was a petition?

A

A formal written request appealing to authority in respect of a particular cause.

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14
Q

what was wardship?

A

Control and use of the lands of a person who is under age, and guardianship of the person, including the right to arrange their marriage.

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15
Q

what was a manifesto?

A

A public declaration of policy and aims.

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16
Q

what is a partisan?

A

a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person.

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17
Q

what was a pension?

A

A regular payment made to an individual, typically as a reward.

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18
Q

what was an office?

A

A position of authority or public service, including in the Church, in law or in the royal household.

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19
Q

what was a minority?

A

The period when an heir is considered too young to exercise all their rights, ending when they reach adulthood.

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20
Q

what was an esquire?

A

A title accorded to men of the landed gentry above the rank of gentleman and below the rank of knight.

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21
Q

what was an array?

A

A commission empowering included individuals to raise armed forces and equip them in preparation for War.

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22
Q

what was a household?

A

Those who lived with their lord (or King) including servants and military dependents. They travelled with their lord.

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23
Q

what was a court of Oyer and Terminer

A

A commision to make inquiry into all treasons, felonies and misdemeanours in the counties specified in the commission, and to act on them.

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24
Q

what was a Statute (Act)

A

A written law, passed by Parliament and consented to by the King.

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25
Q

what was a mark?

A

A sum of money equivalent to
2 thirds of a pound.

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26
Q

what was a chamberlain?

A

A male personal attendant of a king or nobleman, who waited on him in his bedchamber.

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27
Q

what does usurpation mean?

A

To take a position of power illegally or by force.

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28
Q

what is the approximate value of £1 (in the Fifteenth century) in today’s money?

A

£750

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29
Q

what was a regent (protector)?

A

A person in temporary authority until the rightful ruler reaches their majority or recovers from the situation preventing their rule.

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30
Q

what was a retinue?

A

A group of people accompanying an important person.

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31
Q

what was a writ?

A

A written command in the name of the king to someone to do (or not do) a specific act.

32
Q

what was a dynasty?

A

A sequence of rulers from the same family.

33
Q

what was a domain?

A

The land kept by an individual (gentry, noble or king) for his own use, occupation, or support.

34
Q

what was ‘customs’?

A

A tax levied in the name of the King on merchandise exported from or imported into his dominions.

35
Q

what is amount paid (in money or land) by the medieval bride’s family to the groom at the time of marriage for her?

A

Dowry

36
Q

what is sedition?

A

Conspiring with others to incite rebellion against lawful authority.

37
Q

what is treason?

A

Acting in a disloyal manner to the king.

38
Q

what was maintenance?

A

the requirement that a lord act to protect and promote the interests of those who worked for him

39
Q

who were sheriffs?

A

the king’s representatives in the shires/counties. they represented his interests in their localities

40
Q

what was a duke?

A

the most prestigious title in the nobility. it had originally been reserved for those blood related to the king.

41
Q

what was ‘bastard feudalism’?

A

the use of money instead of land to reward the followers of nobles. it became more common in the 14th and 15th centuries

42
Q

who were the gentry?

A

the lesser landholding class, from which were drawn knights, esquires, and gentlemen

43
Q

what was the king’s household?

A

informally influential people due to their constant access to the king

44
Q

who were bishops?

A

senior priests. they were usually highly educated and therefore played an important part in english government

45
Q

what was a parish?

A

a small area, usually the size of a village, under the spiritual authority of a local christian priest

46
Q

what is a personal monarchy?

A

the idea that the king was directly involved in gvt and that the organisations/poeple that administered the country did so on his instruction

47
Q

what was the exchequer?

A

a central government department responsible for the management of national revenues and for their disbursement

48
Q

what was chivalry?

A

the noble culture that valued demonstrating worth by, among other things, strength in combat

49
Q

who became king of england in 1377 when he was only 10 years old, and was overthrown by Henry Bolingbroke in 1399?

A

richard II

50
Q

who were the plantagenets?

A

the royal dynasty that had ruled england since 1154

51
Q

what was the chancery?

A

central government writing office which produced the documents of government, including charters and writs

52
Q

what was parliament?

A

a temporary body summoned by kings to deal with the great business of the realm. it was composed of 2 chambers: the Lords and the Commons

53
Q

what was the southampton plot?

A

a conspiracy in 1415 aimed at killing henry v and replacing him with edmund mortimer. it was betrayed by mortimer himself, and its instigator, the earl of cambridge, was executed

54
Q

who was the son of Henry Bolingbroke who became king in 1413?

A

Henry V

55
Q

who was Margaret of Anjou?

A

a french princess that Henry VI married in 1445

56
Q

who was a prominent financier and pro-peace counsellor of Henry VI’s early reign, who died in 1447?

A

Cardinal Beaufort

57
Q

who was the brother of Henry V, whose death in 1435 weakened the position of the english in France?

A

John, Duke of Bedford

58
Q

who were the Burgundians?

A

former allies of the english that switched to supporting the French due to the 1435 Treaty of Arras

59
Q

who was the duke of suffolk under henry vi?

A

william de la pole

60
Q

who seized the throne in 1399, beginning the lancastrian dynasty?

A

henry bolingbroke

61
Q

who was the rich and powerful heir to the mortimer claim? he served faithfully and well in france but resented being kept out of the king’s inner circle

A

Richard of York

62
Q

what is Bale’s Chronicle?

A

a source was written by an anonymous London annalist who provides a contemporary account of the 1450s and is critical about the Lancastrian regime’s failure to maintain law and order.

63
Q

who was the king of england from 1422 until 1461?

A

henry vi

64
Q

who was the french king until 1461 and was the chief rival to the lancastrians in france?

A

charles VII

65
Q

what were the King’s Bench Ancient Indictments?

A

a source comprised of legal records from the king’s bench which was one of 2 central law courts in england

66
Q

what was Jack Cade’s Rebellion?

A

a popular revolt in Kent in May 1450 which was connected to the loss of the French wars. the rebels marched on london and lotted the city. henry VI fled and it was finally contained.

67
Q

what was Benet’s Chronicle?

A

a source which includes an account of the last years of Lancastrian rule up to 1462 that Benet did not write but incorporated into his work

68
Q

who was Henry VI’s uncle and Protector of England? he was also fiercely opposed to the surrender of french land and a mentor to Richard of York

A

Humphrey of Gloucester

69
Q

who was the duke of somerset from 1448 until 1455 and a favourite of Henry VI? He was also related to the king and was the rival of Richard of York?

A

Edmund Beaufort

70
Q

what was the Chronicon Angliae?

A

an anonymous work written by a monk in the late 1450s. it is independent in its account of Henry VI’s reign from 1437, but ends before St Albans in May 1455

71
Q

who was Adam Moleyns?

A

the unpopular bishop of chichester who was murdered by a mob at portsmouth in January 1450

72
Q

what was the ship that intercepted suffolk as he attempted to flee into exile in 1450?

A

nicholas of the tower

73
Q

what was the English Chronicle?

A

an anonymous work written not long after Edward IV’s seizure of the throne in 1461. it reflects yorkist propaganda regarding Henry VI an his regime

74
Q

who was william ayscough?

A

the bishop of Salisbury who was murdered in Wiltshire in July 1450. He had married Henry VI and Margaret.

75
Q

who was lord saye?

A

a prominent support of Suffolk’s, and an official in Kent. He was murdered by the mob during Jack Cade’s rebellion.

76
Q

who was sir william oldhall?

A

A prominent supporter of Richard of York who served as Speaker of the House of Commons 1450-1451

77
Q
A

War of the Roses (24 decks)

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