Cade's Rebellion (mine)

Question 1

what are 3 theories for the cause of cade’s rebellion?

Answer 1

• The loss of Normandy
• The scheming of Richard of York and his followers
• The failures of Henry VI’s government in England

Question 2

give an example of evidence that supports the theory that the cause of cade’s rebellion was the loss of normandy

Answer 2

Some of written complaints made by cases men specifically referred to situation in France 1450; they felt betrayed by the loss and were looking for someone to blame

Question 3

who particularly angered the rebels in cade’s rebellion, and why couldn’t he be targeted?

Answer 3

Somerset’s surrender of Rouen in humiliating circumstances made him a target of their anger, but he couldn’t be directly targeted as was still in France

Question 4

why would the loss of normandy have affected those involved in cade’s rebellion?

Answer 4

Kent, which dominated the rebellion, was disproportionately affected by events in Normandy due to its geographical proximity

Question 5

why was Kent particularly affected by the loss of Normandy?

Answer 5

• it was the embarkation point for english troops going to France, as well as those returning from it
• commercial disruption (job and wage losses)
• increased piracy led to a loss of shipping off Kent, as well as raids into Kent by the French

Question 6

how was trade affected by the loss of normandy?

Answer 6

the cloth trade was curtailed and wine imports fell to 1/4 of previous level

Question 7

give an example of a french raid on kent

Answer 7

Rye and Winchelsea burned by French 1448

Question 8

give a limitation of the theory that the loss of normandy caused cade’s rebellion

Answer 8

troubled were not completely confined to London and South East where the majority of the returning soldiers were; there were some uprisings in the Midlands and South West too

Question 9

what previous event supports the theory that york’s scheming caused cade’s rebellion?

Answer 9

a small uprising in Ipswich on 3rd March 1450 apparently in favour of Richard

Question 10

why would cade’s rebellion have supported york?

Answer 10

some saw York as a remedy to the country’s problems

Question 11

who allegedly stirred up the Ipswich uprising of 1450 March?

Answer 11

Sir William Oldhall, York’s close supporter, who then visited York in Ireland in the Summer of 1450

Question 12

how did the participants of cade’s rebellion refer to york? what did they say he could do?

Answer 12

as one of the good ‘princes of the blood’ (royal connection) that could rectify the abuses of perpetually ‘evil counsellors’ like Suffolk and Somerset

Question 13

how does york’s connection to humphrey of gloucester support the theory that his actions caused cade’s rebellion?

Answer 13

• York was linked with ‘Good Duke Humphrey of Gloucester’ (pro-war mentor) who it was alleged had been murdered in 1447 by Suffolk and his supporters
• Cade’s complaint included allegations that favourites around the king had poisoned his mind against his loyal kinsmen incl. Richard of York and Gloucester

Question 14

when did Cade change his surname to Mortimer?

Answer 14

early june 1450

Question 15

what did Cade’s new surname of Mortimer indicate?

Answer 15

affiliation to York, as he was the descendant of the Mortimer line, and through that line had an arguably better claim to throne than HVI

Question 16

what inn did Cade reside at during the rebellion?

Answer 16

The White Hart

Question 17

why is the inn that Cade stayed at during the rebellion important?

Answer 17

white hart was a symbol of the deposed Richard II, so could be seen as a threat to depose Henry VI, and therefore, arguably replace him with York

Question 18

what are some limitations to the theory that the scheming of york caused cade’s rebellion?

Answer 18

• York was in Ireland; how could he be controlling this?
• Cade’s complaint explicitly denied that they intended to replace Henry VI with York, who didn’t arrive in London until September 1450
• there is no evidence that, despite some similarities in their reforms, Cade had been working for York

Question 19

how did royal officials contribute to the anger of cade’s rebels?

Answer 19

they were blocking the remedy of the oppression that the rebels felt they faced

Question 20

what were royal officials accused of during cade’s rebellion?

Answer 20

corruption and nepotism

Question 21

give an example of people accused of corruption and nepotism during cade’s rebellion

Answer 21

• one of the key figures of hate was William Crowmer, former Sherriff of Kent who, along with his deputies, had become notorious for corruption and abuse of power
• Lord Saye, Treasurer of England was William Crowner’s father-in-law (killed 4 July 1450 alongside Crowmer)

Question 22

what kind of people were accused of corruption during jack cade’s rebellion?

Answer 22

officers of the nobility and the bishops also accused of corruption, and their noble patrons accused of failing to deal with the problem

Question 23

which officers of the nobility and bishops were hated by cade’s rebels?

Answer 23

• e.g. Bishop Adam Moleyns and William Ayscough
• this linked to the unpopularity of Suffolk, and those members of the household that were seen to be his creatures as many members of the household had recently been buying estates in Kent (e.g. Lord Saye - James Fiennes)

Question 24

how did financial issues affect cade’s rebellion?

Answer 24

• crown was heavily in debt, and this was passed on to the common people through taxation
• anger at trade disruption was major objective for Cade’s rebels

Question 25

how much money did the crown owe by 1450, and how much was it increasing by each year?

Answer 25

owed £372,000, increasing by £20,000 each year

Question 26

how many of Cade’s complaints were related to the failings of Henry VI’s government?

Answer 26

• 1/3 of the 15 complaints made by the rebels were in regard to the abuses of officials in Kent
• widespread support in Surrey, Sussex, and Essex suggests more criticism of royal and noble officials

Question 27

why was there a major trade disruption just before cade’s rebellion, not to do with the loss of normandy?

Answer 27

• 23 May 1449 Robert Winnington attacked Hanseatic Bay Fleet capturing 110 ships
• had been commissioned to cleanse sea of pirates not merchants, but HVI’s gvt had refused Hanseatic demands for redress
• the Hanse reacted by excluding English good from their key markets of north Germany and the Baltic

Question 28

give a limitation to the theory that cade’s rebellion occurred because of Henry VI’s failures in government

Answer 28

rebels claimed to be victims of unlawful acts and to speak against oppression for the people, and yet many among them looted and pillaged when they gained entrance to London and they were finally driven off by its citizens

Question 29

what important people did cade’s army include?

Answer 29

included many gentry, 2 members of parliament, and 3 sheriffs

Question 30

summarise the demands of jack cade’s rebels

Answer 30

rebels demanded greater political fairness among aristocratic elite, bringing to justice of Gloucester’s ‘murderers’, inquiry into losses in France, and financial efficiency

Question 31

summarise the causes of jack cade’s rebellion

Answer 31

caused by fear of punishment for Suffolk’s murder, general disaffection from the regime, high taxes, shock of military disasters in France