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War of the Roses > Timeline 1450-59 > Flashcards

Timeline 1450-59 Flashcards

1
Q

when did the duke of somerset (Edmund Beaufort) surrender at Caen allowing him to escape normandy?

A

1450

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2
Q

when did Warwick (Richard Neville) gain wardship of George Neville (Lord Bergaveney)?

A

1450

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3
Q

when was the Duke of Suffolk’s (William de la Pole) ally, Bishop Adam Moleyns, murdered by the mob in Portsmouth?

A

9th January 1450

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4
Q

when was Suffolk (William de la Pole) arrested and imprisoned in tower of london?

A

28th January 1450

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5
Q

when was the uprising in Ipswich started by Sir William Oldhall?

A

3rd March 1450

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6
Q

when was the Battle of Formigny (decisive French victory in Normandy)?

A

15th April 1450

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7
Q

when was the Duke of Suffolk (William de la Pole) killed on his way to exile in France?

A

2nd May 1450

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8
Q

when was Jack Cade’s Rebellion?

A

May-July 1450

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9
Q

when did Jack Cade change his last name to ‘Mortimer’?

A

early June 1450

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10
Q

when did Cade’s rebels clash with royal forces at Sevenoaks?

A

18th June 1450

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11
Q

when did the congregation of Edington Church Wiltshire hack William Ayscough, Bishop of Salisbury, who had risen to be one of the most powerful men in the country (Suffolk’s friend and HVI’s chaplain), to death?

A

29th June 1450

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12
Q

when did Cade’s men reach London and present a formal complaint?

A

4th July 1450

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13
Q

when was Lord Saye killed by a mob?

A

4th July 1450

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14
Q

when was there a Battle on London Bridge between Cade’s men and officials of London?

A

8th July 1450

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15
Q

when did King Henry VI King issue a pardon to all of Cade’s men that withdrew from the capital immediately (The pardon did not apply to Cade who fled South)?

A

9th July 1450

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16
Q

when was Cade captured near Lewes?

A

12th July 1450

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17
Q

when did Edmund Beaufort (Duke of Somerset) return to London from France for Suffolk’s old allies to make him their new leader, as his influence grew with the king and queen?

A

1st August 1450

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18
Q

when was Cherbourg surrendered to the French (a move that gave France control of all Normandy)?

A

12th August 1450

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19
Q

when did Richard of York return from Ireland, claiming conspiracy against him, and attempt to dominate government?

A

September 1450

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20
Q

when did Richard of York tour East Anglia gathering support including from the Duke of Norfolk (John Mowbray (He brought it to London to pressure government)?

A

October 1450

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21
Q

when did the York-supporting Commons in parliament petition for the removal of the lands, possessions, and access to the king of (among many others): Duke of Somerset (Edmund Beaufort), Duchess of Suffolk, Thomas Daniel, and John Trevelyan?

A

November 1450

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22
Q

when was Somerset (Edmund Beaufort) assaulted then placed in the tower of London for his own safety due to anti-Somerset protests in the city?

A

1st December 1450

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23
Q

when was a judicial initiative tour of Kent launched by HVI to deal with the rebels from Cade’s rebellion?

A

January 1451

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24
Q

by what point had Duke of Somerset (Edmund Beaufort) emerged as effective leader of the royal government?

A

Spring 1451

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25
Q

when was Somerset (Edmund Beaufort) appointed Captain of Calais?

A

April 1451

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26
Q

when did Sir Thomas Young attempt to have Richard of York recognised as heir presumptive to the throne?

A

May 1451

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27
Q

when was Richard of York sent to the West Country to deal with a conflict between his friend Devon (Thomas Courtenay), Lord Moleyns and Cobham on one side, and Earl of Wiltshire (James Butler) and Lord Bonville (William Bonville) on the other (Devon treated leniently)?

A

September 1451

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28
Q

when did Queen Margaret begin to pay Somerset (Edmund Beaufort) a 100 mark annuity?

A

November 1451

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29
Q

when did Richard of York retreat to sulk at Ludlow after Somerset began to dominate parliament?

A

Christmas 1451

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30
Q

when was Thomas Kent sent to Ludlow to appease York?

A

27th January 1452

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31
Q

when did Richard of York begin his march on London gathering an army, intending to replace Somerset (Edmund Beaufort) in government and put him on trial?

A

February 1452

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32
Q

when did Somerset (Edmund Beaufort) and Henry VI leave London intent on confronting Richard of York (who was marching on London) and holding a council at Coventry)

A

16th February 1452

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33
Q

when did Henry VI order the gates of London barred to Richard of York’s entry, so York moved south to Dartford?

A

24th February 1452

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34
Q

when did a huge royal army under Henry VI confront Richard of York’s forces at Blackheath, where York was forced to submit, and arrested for making a formal complaint against Somerset?

A

2nd March 1452

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35
Q

when was Richard of York taken to St Paul’s Cathedral and forced to swear a public oath not to rebel against the king again and use lawful processes?

A

10th March 1452

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36
Q

when were General pardons issued to those who were not seen as the leaders in recent disturbances (e.g. Dartford​)

A

April 1452

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37
Q

when was the Earl of Warwick (Richard Neville) appointed to a commission of the peace for Warwickshire?

A

May 1452

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38
Q

when did the Earl of Warwick (Richard Neville) go on a commission to punish York’s supporters?

A

June 1452

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39
Q

when did Henry VI tour the Welsh border, punishing York’s supporters and sympathisers?

A

July-August 1452

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40
Q

when was a judicial initiative tour of Coventry launched by HVI to successfully deal with the Courtenay-Bonville feud​?

A

September 1452

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41
Q

when did the Earl of Shrewsbury (John Talbot) recapture Bordeaux?

A

20th October 1452

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42
Q

when did Henry VI ennoble his two half-brothers, Edmund Tudor (Earl of Richmond) and Jasper Tudor (Earl of Pembroke)?

A

23 November 1452

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43
Q

when was Edmund Tudor (Earl of Richmond) engaged to Margaret Beaufort?

A

1453

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44
Q

when was the Reading parliament, where a huge grant of taxation to the king was made, Sir William Oldhall was attainted, and an act of resumption passed against those who had taken the field at Dartford?

A

March 1453

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45
Q

when was George Neville, Lord Bergaveney, placed in wardship of Somerset (Edmund Beaufort)?

A

June 1453

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46
Q

when did a Council at Sheen demand that the Earl of Warwick (Richard Neville) hand over Glamorgan to Somerset (Edmund Beaufort)?

A

July 1453

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47
Q

when was the Battle of Castillon (huge English loss in Gascony, John Talbot - Earl of Shrewsbury -killed)?

A

17th July 1453

48
Q

when was the Battle of Heworth?

A

August 1453

49
Q

when was Henry VI’s first major period of insanity?

A

August 1453 - December 14554

50
Q

when did the nobility debate what to do about HVI’s insanity?

A

August 1453 - March 1454

51
Q

when was Henry VI’s son, Edward, born?

A

13th October 1453

52
Q

when was there a bitter quarrel between Richard of York and Somerset (Edmund Beaufort) at a noble council (which Somerset attempted to exclude York from)?

A

21st November 1453

53
Q

when did York’s ally, Duke of Norfolk (John Mowbray), charge Somerset (Edmund Beaufort) with treason (he was placed in the Tower of London; Devon (held since Dartford) released from the Tower)?

A

23rd November 1453

54
Q

when did Queen Margaret, Richard of York, and Henry Holland (Duke of Exeter) each made a claim in parliament to be regent (Protector)?

A

February 1454

55
Q

when did Cardinal Kemp, the Chancellor, die?

A

22nd March 1454

56
Q

when was Richard of York was formally made Protector (First Protectorate)?

A

27th March 1454

57
Q

when did Thomas Courtenay (Earl of Devon) exploit his friendship with Richard of York to attack Lord Bonville (William Bonville) and his ally, the Earl of Wiltshire (James Butler), in Devon?

A

Spring-Summer 1454

58
Q

when was Thomas Courtenay (Earl of Devon) found to have been more to blame for the Courtenay-Bonville feud and placed under a bond of £1000?

A

April 1454

59
Q

when did the attempt to deal with the Longford-Blount feud by summonses before the council come to nothing?

A

May 1454

60
Q

when did the Calais garrison mutiny because the government had not paid their wages?

A

May 1454

61
Q

when did the Duke of Exeter (Henry Holland) and his Percy allies attack properties of Richard of York and the Nevilles in the north?

A

May-November 1454

62
Q

when did Richard of York and many other lords assemble a force and begin proceedings against Lord Egremont’s (Thomas Percy) and Duke of Exeter’s (Henry Holland) men, wherein Exeter fled to sanctuary in Westminster Abbey?

A

June 1454

63
Q

when did York attempted to convince the lords to try Somerset, during the First Protectorate, (Edmund Beaufort), but he could not?

A

June 1454

64
Q

when was Richard of York finally able to arrange for the Staplers of Calais to pay the garrison?

A

July 1454

65
Q

when were when Thomas Courtenay (Earl of Devon) and Lord Bonville (William Bonville) placed under more punitive financial bonds, after more violence occured?

A

July 1454

66
Q

when was Duke of Exeter (Henry Holland) removed from Westminster Abbey and imprisoned?

A

July 1454

67
Q

when did York block an attempt to release Somerset (Edmund Beaufort) from prison?

A

July 1454

68
Q

when were Percy leaders, including Lord Egremont (Thomas Percy), captured at the ‘battle’ of Stamford bridge?

A

1st November 1454

69
Q

when did Henry VI recover from his insanity?

A

Christmas 1454

70
Q

when did the First Protectorate end?

A

Early February 1455

71
Q

when were Richard of York’s appointments removed from government and replaced by those of Somerset (Edmund Beaufort), after the First Protectorate?

A

February-March 1455

72
Q

when were Richard of York and supporters not summoned to council meeting which decided on a Great Council being called at Leicester May 1455?

A

April 1455

73
Q

when was the First Battle of St Alban’s?

A

22nd May 1455

74
Q

when did Richard of York’s second period of government begin?

A

Late May 1455

75
Q

when was Earl of Warwick (Richard Neville) made Captain of Calais?

A

Late May 1455

76
Q

when was George Neville (Warwick’s brother) made bishop of Exeter?

A

Late May 1455

77
Q

when was a parliament held to legalise actions of the Yorkists (only half the peerage attended)?

A

July 1455

78
Q

when was the Duke of Buckingham (Humphrey Stafford) able to arbitrate successfully between the Vernons and the Gresleys in the north midlands?

A

September 1455

79
Q

when did the Courtenays rampage through Devonshire?

A

October-December 1455

80
Q

when did York’s Second Protectorate officially begin?

A

November 1455

81
Q

when was Edmund Tudor (Earl of Richmond) was in conflict with Nicholas ap Gruffydd for control in South Wales (Edmund was eventually victorious)?

A

November 1455 - August 1456

82
Q

when was there a Private ‘battle’ at Clyst between Courtenays (Devon) and Bonvilles (Richard of York intervened and his former ally, Devon (Thomas Courtenay), arrested)?

A

15th December 1455

83
Q

when did Henry VI remove Richard as Protectorate after York failed to get support for resumption?

A

February 1456

84
Q

when did Richard of York become involved, on HVI’s behalf, in a diplomatic conflict with James II of Scotland, who was threatening to invade?

A

May 1456

85
Q

when did Margaret moved from Tutbury to Edward’s castle at Chester?

A

Summer 1456

86
Q

when did Richard of York reply to James II, offering threats and taunts from his northern castle of Sandal?

A

July - August 1456

87
Q

when did a force of ~2000 men, led by Sir William Herbert and Sir Walter Devereux, march to Pembroke, seize Edmund Tudor (Earl of Richmond) and Camarthen Castle, and move to take Aberystwyth?

A

August 1456

88
Q

when was an elaborate pageant staged at Coventry by Margaret ?

A

September 1456

89
Q

when did Margaret’s Chancellor, Lawrence Booth, replace Thomas Liseux, whose health was failing, as keeper of the privy seal?

A

24th September 1456

90
Q

during what period was more than half of HVI’s time spent in the midlands?

A

September 1456 - July 1460

91
Q

when did John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, replace Viscount Bourchier as Treasurer?

A

5th October 1456

92
Q

when did William Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester and Henry VI’s Confessor, replace Archbishop Thomas Bourchier as Chancellor?

A

11th October 1456

93
Q

when did Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, die?

A

1st November 1456

94
Q

when did Queen Margaret’s cousin, Marie (bastard daughter of Charles, count of Maine), marry Thomas Courtenay (Earl of Devon’s heir)?

A

1457

95
Q

when was Lawrence Booth appointed Bishop of Durham?

A

1457

96
Q

when did the queen make a series of appointments to set up the prince’s council?

A

28th January 1457

97
Q

when did a commission of oyer and terminer sit in Hereford to bring charges against two Yorkists in Wales, Herbert and Devereux (Herbert submitted and was pardoned; Devereux released from gaol early 1458)?

A

April 1457

98
Q

when were York’s constableships of Carmarthen and Aberystwyth transferred to Jasper Tudor (Earl of Pembroke) (who became the dominant power in South Wales and began to build up a Lancastrian affinity)?

A

21st April 1457

99
Q

when did a French raid on Sandwich lead the king and nobility to return to London?

A

August 1457

100
Q

when did widowed Lancastrian heiress Margaret Beaufort marry Sir Henry Stafford, second son of the Duke of Buckingham (helping to bring him into the Lancastrian ‘court’ party being built by the Queen)?

A

January 1458

101
Q

when was Loveday?

A

24th March 1458

102
Q

when did James Butler (Earl of Wiltshire) marry Eleanor, daughter of Edmund Beaufort (deceased Duke of Somerset)?

A

April 1458

103
Q

when did Earl of Shrewsbury’s heir (also John Talbot) marry Buckingham’s daughter, Catherine Stafford (due to Queen Margaret’s influence)?

A

July 1458

104
Q

when was Earl of Warwick (Richard Neville) summoned to Westminster to answer charges of piracy?

A

9th November 1458

105
Q

when did John Arundel, HVI’s chaplain, become Bishop of Chichester?

A

1459

106
Q

when did John Hales, Margaret’s chaplain since 1445 and chaplain 1457-9, become bishop of Coventry and Lichfield?

A

1459

107
Q

when was a Great Council held at Coventry, where Yorkists were not included?

A

24th June 1459

108
Q

when did the Earl of Warwick (Richard Neville) arrive in London from Calais and make his way west to meet Salisbury and York, after the Coventry council?

A

20th September 1459

109
Q

when was the Battle of Blore Heath?

A

23rd September 1459

110
Q

when was the Battle of Ludford Bridge?

A

12-13 October 1459

111
Q

when did Salisbury, Warwick, and Edward of March reach Calais after Ludford Bridge?

A

2nd November 1459

112
Q

when was the Parliament of Devils?

A

20th November 1459

113
Q

when did Henry VI appointed 11 ambassadors to negotiate an extension of the English truce with Burgundy, but Warwick already had arranged a 3-month truce for himself?

A

26th November 1459

114
Q

when did the Calais garrison fire on Somerset’s (Henry Beaufort, new official Captain of Calais) forces when they approached?

A

November 1459

115
Q

when was William Scot, Kentish esquire, commissioned to protect Winchelsea and its fisherman ?

A

December 1459

War of the Roses (60 decks)

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