Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

War of the Roses > Key events of 1460 > Flashcards

Key events of 1460 Flashcards

1
Q

summarise the events of the Yorkist raid on Sandwich

A
  • 15 Jan 1460: between 4 and 5 AM, the Yorkist John Dynham landed at Sandwich with a force of 800 soldiers and a small group of citizens of the town
  • complacent Lancastrians taken by surprise
  • Lord Rivers, his wife, the dowager duchess of Bedford, and his son, Sir Anthony Woodville, were captured
  • all the ships in the harbour which had been made ready for sea, at Lancastrian expense, were seized by the Yorkists and sailed to Calais
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

who was commissioned by the Lancastrians 1 Feb 1460 to raise a new fleet against the Yorkists?

A

the Sheriff of Devon, Sir Baldwin Fulford

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how did the Yorkists prepare for invasion 1460?

A
  • Mar 1460: Fulford’s fleet had still not put to sea when Warwick sailed to Ireland
  • Warwick encountered no opposition and paused only to seize a few merchant ships in his path
  • he stayed in Ireland for 2 months
  • upon his return to Calais, Warwick raided ships bringing supplies and money to Somerset (new Captain of Calais)
  • in March his forces captured the pay intended for Somerset’s forces that were besieging Calais from Guines castle
  • 23 Apr 1460 Henry Beaufort defeated at Battle of Newnham Bridge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what did Warwick and March declare their intent to be when landing in Sandwich June 1460, with 2000 men?

A

declared their intent to relieve the king of his evil counsellors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

who admitted Warwick to Canterbury in 1460?

A

they had the blessing of the archbishop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where did Warwick go during his invasion, 1460, after being admitted to Canterbury?

A

marched towards London, gathering support as he went

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how did London respond to Warwick’s arrival during the invasion, 1460?

A
  • lord mayor of London persuaded by popular feeling and Yorkist sympathies of resident magnates to open gates
  • a number of Lancastrian nobles took refuge in the Tower of London
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how large was Warwick’s army by the time it reached London during the Yorkist Invasion 1460?

A

~10000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where did the Yorkists and HVI return to after the Battle of Northampton 10 July 1460?

A

London

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what action did the Yorkists take after winning the battle of Northampton 10 July 1460?

A

all Yorkists present swore to uphold the previous oaths of loyalty they had made to Henry VI and papal legate Francesco Coppini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how did the Yorkists establish a narrow regime in the South and South-East July-September 1460?

A
  • through government appointments
  • 25 July: first appointments - George Neville (Bishop of Exeter and younger brother of Warwick) became chancellor - John Neville (younger brother of Warwick) became chamberlain - Henry Bourchier (Viscount Bourchier and husband of York’s sister Isobel) became treasurer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where did Warwick take a trip to 8 August 1460, before return to London, and why?

A

Warwick briefly returned to Calais to accept Somerset’s surrender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how did York travel to London after landing in Northwest England 9 Sep 1460?

A

travelled slowly to London, bearing the livery of the royal arms; something only the king had the right to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what did the Yorkists do after establishing their regime, 1460, to try to remove their attinder?

A

called a parliament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what did York do when he arrived in London, September 1460, to much uproar?

A
  • made a claim to the throne
  • this appears to have been on York’s own initiative, unexpected by supporters
  • Warwick resisted this, as he feared the fury such a claim would unleash
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what did York agree with the lords, after he made a claim to the throne September 1460?

A
  • York didn’t persuade the lords to depose the king in his favour, but they agreed York and his heirs should inherity on Henry VI’s death
  • 24 October 1460: Act of Accord
  • became law by regal and parliamentary agreement 4 days later
  • same month, attainders against York and his followers reversed
17
Q

why was the Act of Accord a ‘recipe’ for more fighting?

A
  • Edward of Wales unlikely to accept being disinherited without fighting and Margaret was a champion for his rights
  • Yorkists realised they would have to continue fighting to achieve any degree of security
18
Q

what did the Act of Accord represent to Margaret?

A

the culmination of her fears, making her the Yorkists’ implacable enemy and the de facto leader of the Lancastrian opposition

19
Q

what was Margaret’s immediate reaction to the Act of Accord/Battle of Northampton?

A
  • after Northampton, she didn’t wait to see what the Yorkists would do; Henry VI was effectively a prisoner and she had to make sure she and her son remained at liberty
  • Early September 1460: with a small escort, Margaret and Edward fled to Wales; Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke, held great influence
20
Q

what communications did Margaret receive whilst hiding in Wales September 1460?

A
  • parliament that confirmed the Westminster accord was ill attended
  • in Norfolk, it was reported the Bishop of Norwich and Duchess of Suffolk favoured Margaret and Edward, implying they may pose a threat to the new regime
21
Q

what armies did Margaret begin to assemble, from Wales September 1460?

A
  • Earl of Northumberland assembled army in north
  • Somerset and Earl of Devon instructed to raise men in South and West and bring them to Hull to rendezvous with Lords Roos, Clifford, Greystoke, Neville (senior branch) and Latimer, who were providing forces to serve under Exeter
  • summoned chief officers of her own estates to do the same
22
Q

how did Margaret manage to assemble a substantial Lancastrian force in Northern England, September-October 1460?

A

parliament’s preoccupation with York’s claim to the throne allowed a substantial Lancastrian force in Northern England to gather before anyone in London realised what was happening

23
Q

Oct-Dec 1460 HVI ruled in name only; York was effectively Protector. What impact did this have on the common people?

A
  • amid political uncertainty, law and order gradually breaking down
  • in many regions, especially remote from London, large bands of armed men roamed the countryside
  • in the north, the government lost all semblance of authority
  • the King of Scots exploited english weakness and captured strongholds of Roxburgh and Wark and was threatening Berwick
24
Q

why was York surprised at the Lancastrian force Margaret managed to gather Sep-Oct 1460?

A

the speed at which Lancastrians responded and decision to wage war so late in campaigning season surprised York

25
Q

how did York respond to Margaret’s northern army, gathered Sep-Oct 1460?

A
  • marched north with a small army of ~4000 to meet ~20000 Lancastrians
  • recruited as he marched, ending with ~10000
  • 30 December 1460: Battle of Wakefield near his castle of Sandal

War of the Roses (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions