War of 1812-1820s Flashcards
Joint Stock Companies
- Everyone invests in a company to make money
2. You can only lose what you invest
Tecumseh
- Native American leader during the War of 1812
- United all of the Native American tribes on the East Coast
- Believes Native Americans can’t sell their land
McCulloch vs Maryland
- Involved the state government taxing the national bank to destroy it
- Rules that a state can’t tax federal property, federal government can due what is “necessary and proper”.
John Marshall
First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Daniel Webster
- Senator from Massachusetts
2. Helped with Missouri Compromise and Tariff of 1828
Indian Removal Act
- Americans want Native American land in Georgia, especially after gold is discovered
- Southern states claim NA are a threat, Jackson agrees
- Jackson goes against the Supreme Court ruling to pass act to forcibly remove NA
Trail of Tears
- NA forcibly marched from the south and settled in Oklahoma
- Initiated by the Indian Removal Act
Spoils System
Only appointing government officials you know and trust, used by Andrew Jackson
Nullification
States have the right to nullify (ignore) laws passed by the federal government if they disagree with them.
Lewis and Clark
Explore the Louisiana Purchase to gain information about the land.
Louisiana Purchase
- Napoleon fears America will take over Louisiana, and there’s a war in Europe already- needs money.
- Cheaply gives Louisiana Purchase to the US, doubling the size of the country
- Causes political issues- Federalists fear expansion will harm the region, New England threatens to leave the country.
Impressment
Britain forces US sailors to join their Navy.
Era of Good Feelings
- Name for Monroe’s term
- Only one political party
- Not all good feelings- growing sectionalism, debate over American system, Panic of 1819
Monroe Doctrine
- Monroe says Europe can’t colonize Latin America
- Europe listens even though US can’t back it up
- Only works because it’s a joint declaration with England, who has a powerful military
Warhawks
- New generation is very nationalistic and passionate]
- Main ones- Henry Clay (KY), John C Calhoun (SC)
- Dominant for about 30 years, but not much happens
- Want to stop British harassment and native resistance
Battle of New Orleans
- Only battle the US wins
- Takes place after the war is over
- Fight over Mississippi River- very important for trade
- Jackson leads with the help of Lafayette
Barbary Pirates
- Pirates of the Mediterranean, attack and loot US ships, which harms merchants
- Jefferson increases size of navy to fight the pirates, creating the marines.
Judicial review
Deciding what is or is not constitutional
Marbury vs Madison
- William Marbury is ordered as Justice of Peace by Adams, but Jefferson orders the secretary of state not to deliver the commission
- Court rules in favor of Marbury, establishing judicial review
Henry Clay’s American System
- Protective tariff to promote manufacturing and fund internal improvements
- 2nd National Bank to create a national currency, will help everyone
- Internal improvements- roads and canals will promote growth in the south and the west
- South doesn’t like 1 and 2- makes the north too powerful
- Many disagree with 3- federal government would be too powerful
Andrew Jackson (6)
- Used the spoils system- seen as corrupt and resulted in ineffective government officials
- Began today’s custom of political campaigns
- Veto established executive power
- Hated the national bank
- Felt he was a man of the common people, but was actually very wealthy
- Supported strong central government and wealthy leaders
Jackson vs the Bank
- The national bank is a powerful corporation that influenced smaller banks
- Jackson believes that the bank attacks rich men and is responsible for financial panics due to paper money
- Vetos recharter for bank in 1832, going against previous Supreme Court decision
Missouri Compromise (1820)
- Missouri wants to join the US as a state
- Missouri joins as a slave state, Maine joins as a free state to maintain balance
- Conflict harms Era of Good Feelings
Tariff of Abominations
- High tariff on cloth, South Carolina planters claim it will harm their economy
- SC nullifies tariff
Tariff of 1816
- Tax on foreign textiles, paper, and leather
- Attempt to stop England giving the US cheap goods, makes foreign goods more expensive
- Tariff only popular in the north, where the factories are
Treaty of Ghent
- Ends war of 1812 as a stalemate
- US gets international respect because England gave up
- Establishes borders between the US and Canada
- England leaves frontier
War of 1812
- Incited by impressment and England arming Americans on the frontier
- War is a failure- England defeats US, but eventually gives up and the US wins
Embargo Act
- US is not allowed to trade with anyone
- Causes bad depression, merchants and planters can’t make money
- In response to Chesapeake Leopold Affair to maintain neutrality
- Jefferson supports this although the power to buy land isn’t in the Constitution
Non Intercourse Act
- Attempted improvement over Embargo Act
- US can trade with anyone except England and France
- Still a poor economic policy
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Enlightenment philosopher
Macon’s Bill #2
US can trade with anyone, even England and France if they agree to be our ally.
Hartford Convention
- Propose amendment limiting office to 4 year term to end Virginia domination in government
- Restrict embargoes
- 2/3 majority in Congress to declare war, add new state
- Federalists meets to discuss leaving country and signing a peace treaty with England- causes them to be viewed as untrustworthy.
- Creates precedent for secession later used in the South
Gibbons vs Ogden
- New York and New Jersey want exclusive rights to trade with ferry boats
- Supreme Court rules that federal government controls interstate trade.
Dartmouth vs Woodward
- Dartmouth has a contract as a private college, but New Hampshire wants to make it a state college
- Court rules in favor of Dartmouth, states that contracts are binding.
Election of 1800
- Jefferson elected as first Democratic Republican president
- First peaceful transfer of power between the parties
Jefferson’s Presidency
- Repeals excise taxes, lowers national debt
2. Doesn’t dismantle all Federalist policies
Causes of War of 1812 (5)
- England’s arming of natives on frontier
- England’s violation of US neutrality
- Pressure from warhawks in Congress
- Desire for more land, protect American honor
- Democratic Republicans tend to favor France
Panic of 1819
Caused by over speculation of frontier lands.
Tallmadge Amendment
- Would gradually phase out slavery in Missouri
2. Never passed, seen as dangerous precedent for abolition
Adams- Onis Treaty
1819- US acquires Florida, agrees to give up claims to Texas.
Election of 1824
- John Quincy Adams elected as president through the support of Henry Clay, then picks Clay as Secretary of State.
- Jackson supporters feel Jackson was cheated- “corrupt bargain”
- After election, political parties develop. National Republicans (Adams) and Democratic Republicans (Jackson)
Election of 1828
Jackson elected over JQ Adams, seen as a common man
Nullification Crisis
- Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 are passed, hated by South because they only benefit the North.
- South Carolina approves nullification and threatens to secede
- Olive Branch and Sword- federal army collects tariff, Compromise of 1833 lowers the tariff
Specie Circular
1836- AJ requires land to be purchased with gold or silver
Panic of 1837
Caused by over speculation of land in the west, bank war, and specie circular.
New political parties
- Democrats- small national government, government should stay out of economics and social issues.
- Whigs- strong central government, supports the American system, reform, oppose Jackson
William Henry Harrison
1840- adopts log cabin campaign to appeal to everyone.
Election of 1840
- John Tyler replaces Whig Harrison, and holds many Democratic views, angering Whigs
- Tries to build following by annexing Texas but Congress refuses
Election of 1844
- Polk elected- goal to lower tariff, Manifest Destiny
2. 54 40 or fight- expand to Oregon
