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APUSH > 1930s-1940s > Flashcards

1930s-1940s Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Frances Perkins

A
  1. First woman in cabinet- secretary of labor.

2. Helped Union leaders and factory bosses.

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2
Q

Eleanor Roosevelt

A
  1. Acted as co president with FDR
  2. Pushed FDR to do more for civil rights
  3. Campaigned for minorities and women’s rights
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3
Q

Court Packing

A

FDR wants to increase number of justices in Supreme Court, unconstitutional because it could sway the court in his favor.

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4
Q

Dust Bowl

A
  1. Drought, overuse of land and high winds cause dust storms on Great Plains.
  2. Many people leave and go to California to find work.
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5
Q

Grapes of Wrath

A
  1. Written by John Steinbeck

2. About an Oklahoma family going to California to find work during Dust Bowl.

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6
Q

Smoot Hawley Tariff

A

Raised US tariffs to improve economy, but triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries, hindering trade in US.

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7
Q

Good Neighbor Policy

A

US can intervene in Mexico or Central America when necessary to restore order.

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8
Q

Installment Purchases/ Buying on margin

A

Payments to pay off debt for an expensive item that you bought with money you didn’t have. Factor in causing the Great Depression.

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9
Q

Schneck vs United States

A
  1. Socialist arrested and convicted for encouraging draft resistance in WW1
  2. Establishes concept of clear and present danger, setting a limit on first amendment rights.
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10
Q

Sacco and Vanzetti

A
  1. Italian immigrants sentenced to death for a crime they most likely didn’t commit.
  2. Reveals nativist sentiment that was prevalent after WW 1.
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11
Q

W.E. Dubois vs Booker T Washington

A
  1. BTW is a former slave who founded a vocational college. Creates Atlanta Compromise saying that African Americans don’t need equality, only jobs.
  2. WED founded the NAACP and was the first African American to graduate from Harvard. Very passionate about equality and completely disagrees with BTW.
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12
Q

Main Causes of the Great Depression (3)

A
  1. Industrial overproduction- too many goods are produced, and when demand decreases, it results in unemployment.
  2. Agricultural overproduction- US farmers sell crops to Europe after war, but eventually Europe rebuilds and doesn’t need American crops. Farmers can’t sell extra crops, and land is depleted, causing the Dust Bowl.
  3. Banking overproduction- banks give out too many loans to make more money, so when people try to withdraw money, it’s already gone.
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13
Q

Over speculation

A

Buying too much stock thinking a company will do much better than it actually will. Factor in Great Depression.

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14
Q

Trickle Down Economics

A

Hoover gives tax cuts to top 10% of the population, hoping that they’ll spend it to put it into circulation.

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15
Q

Rugged Individualism

A
  1. Hoover- “pull yourself up by your boot straps”

2. Americans can figure it out by themselves, and solve economic problems by working hard.

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16
Q

Bonus Army

A
  1. During the Great Depression, soldiers from WW1 march to Washington DC to demand the bonus they had been promised.
  2. Hoover promises he will get them their bonuses, but doesn’t.
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17
Q

Prime the Pump Economics

A
  1. FDR- give money to the poor so they’ll spend it and put it in circulation.
  2. Doesn’t work because the poor save the money instead.
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18
Q

New Deal (FDR)

A
  1. Relief- short term solutions to problem
  2. Recovery- drastic changes to solve problem
  3. Reform- ensure the problem doesn’t happen again
  4. Consists of many agencies to solve a variety of problems
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19
Q

Scottsboro Case

A
  1. Black men are convicted of rape despite lack of evidence
  2. Inspires solidarity in African American community
  3. Communist Party publishes the case, and eventually the verdicts are overturned. Supreme Court decides that the 14th amendment right of the defendants was violated.
20
Q

Neutrality Acts (1935, 1936, 1937, 1939)

A
  1. US proclaims neutrality in WW 2
21
Q

Cash and Carry

A

US sells weapons to Allied countries, becoming “arsenal of democracy”. Economy improves.

22
Q

Executive Order 9066 (FDR)

A
  1. Creates internment camps for Japanese Americans (most are American citizens).
  2. Camps are like jails.
  3. No camps for Germans or Italians.
23
Q

Korematsu vs United States

A
  1. Japanese lawyer sues about internment camps, claiming civil rights are violated.
  2. Supreme Court rules against him, claiming “clear and present danger”.
24
Q

Island hopping

A

Military strategy- invade one Pacific island then move to another. Very difficult to use against Japanese, because they won’t surrender.

25
Q

Yalta Conference

A
  1. FDR, Churchill, and Stalin meet to make plans for the world after WW 2.
  2. FDR gives Europe to the Soviet Union
  3. Split Germany into halves, Communist and Democratic.
  4. Get rid of colonies.
26
Q

Nuremberg Trials

A
  1. Nazi leaders put on trial for crimes against humanity during the war.
  2. Court rules that the crimes go far beyond the crimes that typically occur during war.
  3. Sets legal precedent that following orders isn’t an excuse for committing crimes.
27
Q

Iron Curtain Speech

A
  1. Winston Chruchill- Europe has an “iron curtain” with Communism on one side and democracy on the other.
28
Q

Containment

A

George Kennan- we can’t destroy Communism, but we can stop the spread of it.

29
Q

Marshall Plan

A
  1. US will give money to European countries to rebuild

2. Essentially bribing the countries to be democratic, stopping the spread of Communism.

30
Q

Truman Doctrine

A
  1. States that the US will help protect any country from Communism.
  2. Truman was speaking specifically of Greece, but other countries begin asking for help, and US can’t look weak.
31
Q

Israel

A

Israel is going to be used as a Jewish country, but Muslim Palestinians are already there. War begins.

32
Q

Berlin airdrop

A

US drops food and other supplies over Berlin to make democracy look good. Soviet Union can’t shoot down planes or they’ll look bad.

33
Q

J. Robert Oppenheimer

A

Led the Manhattan project.

34
Q

Tehran Conference

A

Big 3 meet to plan opening of second front and decide the fate of Eastern Europe. Stalin wants to divide Germany.

35
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

Truman meets with Stalin when war is over. Japan must unconditionally surrender or be destroyed.

36
Q

Kellogg Briand Pact

A

Group of nations agree to use war only as a method of defense (1928).

37
Q

Dawes Plan

A

Plan to resolve the reparations Germany had to pay after WW 1.

38
Q

Henry L. Stimson

A

Oversaw Manhattan Project, was secretary of war during WW 1 and WW 2.

39
Q

Nye Committee

A
  1. Investigating munitions industry and how bankers benefit from foreign wars.
  2. No evidence that Wilson’s actions were influenced by how much he could gain from Germany
40
Q

Panay Incident

A
  1. Japanese attack on American gunboat

2. Several Americans were killed

41
Q

Munich Agreement

A
  1. Agreement between Germany, Britain, Italy, and France

2. Hitler is allowed to annex western Czechoslovakia is he promises not to invade any more land.

42
Q

Lend Lease Act

A
  1. FDR can give any materials necessary to any country to help them defend themselves against the Axis powers.
43
Q

Atlantic Charter

A

An international organization will resolve disputes between countries, and relations between countries are governed through democratic processes.

44
Q

America First Committee

A

Isolationist group urging neutrality in WW 2 to prevent the US from being harmed by Hitler.

45
Q

NATO

A

North American Treaty Organization- mutual defense organization between US, Canada, and Mexico.

APUSH (16 decks)

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