Development of Political Parties Flashcards
Whiskey Rebellion
- Farmers meet in Pennsylvania to refuse to pay whiskey tax.
- Only victims of the tax were poor farmers.
- Demonstrates power of federal government when military is used to stop the rebellion
Great (3/5) Compromise
- Every 5 slaves count as 3 people.
- States try to buy more slaves, but slave trade is illegal by 1800.
- Also establishes bicameral legislature (Senate and House of Representatives).
Washington’s Farewell Address
- Shouldn’t have political parties
2. Should be neutral and isolated
Proclamation of Neutrality
George Washington says the US will remain neutral in the conflict between England and France.
Edmond Genet
- French diplomat
- Attempts to organize pro- French groups
- Demands Washington settle policies with France
- Makes political atmosphere even more tense
Thomas Jefferson (4)
- Republican
- Advocates for democracy and the common man
- Strictly abides by the Constitution
- Wants the country to consist of small family farms, with everyone educated in philosophy
Strict vs Loose Constructionalist
- Strict- adhere strictly to what is stated in the Constitution
- Loose- opposite, act based on implied powers
Virginia Plan
- Calls for abandonment of the structure of the Confederation
- 2 senators, House of Representatives based on population.
Republicans (4)
- Dominant Southern planters, small farmers in North
- Hate England but are pro France- revolution is based on Enlightenment principles
- Want states to be powerful
- Real democracy (equal voice).
Federalists (5)
- North and middle colonies
- Pro British because they receive revenue from English exports
- Want a strong national government like England
- Advocate for commerce and trading
- Don’t support democracy or the common man
Articles of Confederation (5)
- No executive branch of government
- No national army, and no ability to tax unless the colonies choose to, can’t regulate trade.
- Each state could print its own money.
- Agreement from 9 colonies is necessary to pass a law
- Government is allowed to create treaties with foreign nations
Election of 1800 (4)
- Tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
- Federalists support Aaron Burr
- Mostly Federalist Congress stalls to eventually make Burr president
- Jefferson becomes president through peaceful, democratic transfer of power.
XYZ Affair
- To stop seizures of goods, France solicits bribe from the US
- France diplomats asked for help, but say they require money, insulting the US
- Congress cuts off trade with France
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
- States can nullify any federal law they disagree with, specifically the Alien and Sedition Acts
- Written by Thomas Jefferson to get back at John Adams.
Shays Rebellion
- Soldier Daniel Shays comes home from war with national money that isn’t accepted.
- Shows that the states are too separate and the new government won’t work- calls for strong central government
- Reveals tension between people on the frontier and wealthier people om the coast
Judiciary Act
- Created US federal judicial system
2. Supreme Court, local courts, and appeals court
Pinckney’s Treaty
- Resolved territorial disputes between the US and Spain
2. Establishes Southern and Western borders
John Adams (3)
- Self government
- Thinks people are easily distracted by money, so the classes don’t get along
- The US needs a strong and stable government
The Critical Period
The time right after the American revolution when the future of the US was uncertain.
Constitutional Convention (1787)
Met to address problems of weak central government caused by the Articles of Confederation.
Northwest Ordinance
Establishes rules on how to become a state.
Why did the colonists create a weak government? (3)
- Didn’t want the same government as England
- Easier because each colony already had its own government.
- Didn’t want the colonies to give up their individual identities.
Land Ordinance Acts
Land west of the Appalachians is divided into townships so people can buy them.
Annapolis Convention
- George Washington calls meeting of delegates to discuss weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
- Not many people show up.
Federalist Papers
- Explains the Constitution in simpler terms, says what everything really means.
- Designed to encourage ratification
Hamilton’s programs
- Government assumes responsibility for war debt- only the rich will benefit
- Bank of the United States
- Stimulate manufacturing
Jay’s Treaty
- War between France and England
2. John Jay returns to US with treaty- renounces America’s claim to freedom of seas, British gets control of US commerce
Alexander Hamilton (4)
- Leader of Federalist Party
- The rich and the government need to be together to be successful
- Didn’t believe in democracy or trust the common man
- Country should be based on business
National Bank
- Many argue it’s unconstitutional and a copy of England
- Supports private banking system, increases supply of liquid capital
- Implied power in the Constitution
- Government chooses interest rate, which sets precedent for other banks.
Leopold Affair
- American ship (Chesapeake) attacked by British ship (Leopold), killing Americans.
- One of the events that leads to the War of 1812
Debate over Ratification of the Constitution
- Federalists support the Constitution, as they support a strong central government
- The Bill of Rights is established to limit the powers of the government to get support from anti federalists.
Constitution
- Government based on popular sovereignty with power divided among 3 branches.
- Division of power between national and state government
- Electoral college established to avoid too much democracy.
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
- Native tribes form a confederacy to protect their land
2. The tribes are defeated and forced to give up Ohio territory
