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APUSH > Immigration > Flashcards

Immigration Flashcards

1
Q

Social Darwinism

A

“Survival of the Richest”. Poor people are lazy and don’t deserve help

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2
Q

Robber baron/captain of industry

A

Depending on who you ask, a person who robbed people of money or was smart about money.

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3
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

Scottish immigrant, gets millions of dollars through an investment and invests that money in steel (US Steel). Becomes a billionaire.

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4
Q

Bessemer Process

A

Quicker and cheaper way of making steel used by Andrew Carnegie.

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5
Q

Vertical integration

A

Control all aspects of company, like the companies that provide raw materials, so you don’t have to pay anyone.

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6
Q

Laissez Faire

A

Adam Smith- the government shouldn’t get involved in the economy, it will fix itself.

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7
Q

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A

Billionaire, invests in railroads.

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8
Q

The Gospel of Wealth

A

Written by Andrew Carnegie. He knows best about where he should donate his money, while workers don’t. Wealthy people have a responsibility to the community.

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9
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

Monopolizes US oil industry. Company- Standard Oil Trust. Did anything to drive his competitors out of business.

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10
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

Attempting to control an entire industry.

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11
Q

Knights of Labor

A

First long term, successful labor union in the US founded by Terrence Powderly. Want better working conditons, more pay, 8 hour days. Membership open to anyone. Proposed shops be run by employees.

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12
Q

Haymarket Square Riot

A

Explosion occurs at KOL union picnic and police fireat crowd. Gives KOL a bad reputation, and they decline.

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13
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

Basically create labor unions, founded by Samuel Gompers. Catered to skilled workers, want better working conditions and the ability to organize.

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14
Q

Homestead Steel Strike (1892)

A

Workers are angry about bad working conditions and decreasing pay. Government sends military and the strike becomes a battle. Ultimately, nothing improves.

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15
Q

Henry George

A

Writes Progress and Poverty- warns Americans are too optimistic about manufacturing, which will lead to poverty and divide between classes. Proposes tax on landholding.

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16
Q

JP Morgan

A

Becomes rich in the banking industry by manipulating stock and giving loans to people who can’t repay them and then selling property for more money.

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17
Q

What is a trust?

A

A monopoly

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18
Q

What could companies do to prevent unions/strikes?

A
  1. Hire SCABs- replacement workers
  2. yellow dog contract- only hire non union members
  3. injunction- contract that workers have to come to work
  4. Blacklisting or locking out workers who strike
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19
Q

What could workers do to protest working conditions?

A
  1. Boycotts/strikes
  2. Sympathy demonstration- workers from other industries go on strike
  3. Wildcat strike- strike without warning
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20
Q

Eugene V. Debs

A

Socialist (government should pay for everything). Thinks there shouldn’t be any poor people.

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21
Q

Women’s Christian Temperance Movement

A

Want to prohibit alcohol- when men drink, bad things happen.

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22
Q

Women’s Suffrage Association

A

Women’s suffrage movement, gained voting rights in many locations.

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23
Q

Sherman’s Antitrust Act

A

Outlaws monopolies and trusts that restrain trade, but does not clearly define what a trust is, making the law difficult to enforce.

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24
Q

United States vs EC Knight

A

Favored industrialists, did not support the antitrust movement

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25
Q

Horatio Alger

A

Wrote many inspiring rags to riches stories

26
Q

Montgomery Ward

A

Allowed Americans to buy whatever they wanted, created consumerism.

27
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

Unionist, Socialist, criticizes industrialization

28
Q

Grange Movement

A

Wants the government to control railroads

29
Q

Farmer’s Alliance

A

Grange movement is organized, works toward laws to regulate railroads. Led by Mary Lease.

30
Q

Munn v Illinois

A

Allows states to regulate railroads- anti laissez- faire. However, railroads cross state lines and are therefore difficult for states to regulate.

31
Q

Wabash v Illinois

A

Says Munn v Illinois verdict won’t work

32
Q

Interstate Commerce Act

A

Federal government has the right to regulate railroads.

33
Q

Populist Party

A
  1. Grange movement goes national and becomes the third political party.
  2. Known as being for the people
  3. Joined by Union members and industrial workers
34
Q

New Immigration

A
  1. 1880-1920
  2. Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Poland, Russia)
  3. Mostly Catholic, illiterate, and unskilled (previously farmers).
35
Q

Old Immigration

A
  1. Pre Civil War
  2. Western Europe (Ireland, Germany)
  3. Mostly Protestant, literate, skilled workers
36
Q

Ethnic neighborhoods

A

Everyone from a specific country or city would cluster together. Everyone knows each other, but slows assimilation.

37
Q

Ellis Island

A

Where European immigrants arrive, undergo physical examinations

38
Q

Jacob Riis

A

A reporter, wrote How the Other Half Lives about the living conditions in the tenements.

39
Q

Party Boss

A

Someone who had a large amount of influence and money, can get votes for candidates. Ex: Boss Tweed

40
Q

Political machine

A

Controlled by the party boss.

41
Q

Jane Addams

A

Creates Hull House- homeless shelter that teaches English and job skills to immigrants.

42
Q

Social Gospel

A

As a good Christian, your responsibility is to help your fellow man.

43
Q

Frederic Olmstead

A

Architect of Central Park

44
Q

Edward Bellamy

A

Wrote Looking Backward- book written in the future portraying a Socialist government in a positive way.

45
Q

Lincoln Steffers

A

Wrote Shame of the Cities- about bad living conditions in cities.

46
Q

Carry Nation

A

Led temperance movement

47
Q

Foreign policy

A

What a government’s relationship is with that of other countries.

48
Q

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A

Writes book about sea power

49
Q

Yellow journalism

A

Exaggerating to get people to read a story

50
Q

William Randolph Hearst

A

Publisher, attempts to start war with Spain using fabricated stories about events in Cuba.

51
Q

DeLome Letter

A

Spanish ambassador writes letter insulting President McKinley.

52
Q

Sinking of the Maine

A

The USS Maine goes to Cuba on scouting mission, the ship explodes and the Spanish are blamed.

53
Q

The Rough Riders

A

Military regiment led by Teddy Roosevelt, fought in the Spanish American war.

54
Q

Dewey’s Victory

A

Battle in the Philippines- Battle in very one sided and US wins due to superior ships.

55
Q

Platt Amendment

A

Cuba is an “independent” nation- can do whatever it wants as long as the US approves.

56
Q

Open Door Policy

A

Anyone can trade anywhere. Makes China angry and causes Boxer Rebellion

57
Q

Free Silver

A

US currency should be backed with both gold and silver, is not advocated by the upper class.

58
Q

William Jennings Bryant

A

Leader of the Populist Party. Gives Cross of Gold speech advocating for gold and silver to back American currency.

59
Q

Rebates

A

Refunds on what has already been paid or contributed.

60
Q

Jay Gould

A

American railroad developer, robber baron

61
Q

Watered Stock

A

Making stocks cost much more than underlying assets to defraud investors.

APUSH (16 decks)

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