Market Revolution/Reform (1790-1860)

Question 1

Regional specialization

Answer 1

Sections begin developing distinct economies

North is industrial, west is agricultural, south has cash crops.

Question 2

Immigration

Answer 2

1. Immigration begins to increase due to availability of land and jobs, and American freedom
2. Irish immigrants are subjected to anti Catholic prejudice, support Democrats, do hard labor for low wages
3. German immigrants- very diverse group of different occupations and religions

Question 3

Nativists

Answer 3

1. Think immigrants take jobs from Americans, will outvote Americans and ruin American culture
2. Know Nothing party- nativists that advocate for immigration restrictions

Question 4

New technology (4)

Answer 4

1. Slater introduces factory machinery
2. Whitney introduces interchangeable parts for mass production, and cotton gin which creates huge demand for slaves
3. Morse invents the telegraph

Question 5

Transportation Revolution

Answer 5

1. Steamboat invented by Fulton (1807), travel costs are cheaper
2. Railroads create explosion of construction in the north, are fast, reliable and cheap
3. Turnpikes and canals are built

Question 6

Impact of Transportation Revolution

Answer 6

Continental economy by 1860- the country becomes linked.

Question 7

Farming Revolution

Answer 7

1. McCormick reaper (1830) allows crops to be cut and gathered easily
2. Steel plow (1837) easily breaks through soil

Question 8

Impact of Farming Revolution

Answer 8

1. Subsistence farming gives rise to large scale farming
2. Debt increases as demand for more land and machinery increases
3. Better transportation is needed

Question 9

Changes in Family Dynamics

Answer 9

1. Women and children leave home to work in factories

2. However, women still expected to remain in the home

Question 10

Deism

Answer 10

1. More science and reliance on reason
2. Humans have the capacity for moral behavior
3. Rejects predestination and traditional views

Question 11

Unitarianism

Answer 11

1. Humans have free will and possibility of salvation through good
2. Rejects predestination and traditional views

Question 12

Second Great Awakening

Answer 12

1. Caused by lack of religious zeal
2. Stresses personal conversion and democratic control of the church
3. Women have a key role as majority of church members
4. Causes women to demand more rights

Question 13

Education Reform

Answer 13

1. More of a northern reform movement

2. Decide that tax supported schools will instill republican values

Question 14

18th Amendment

Answer 14

Bans alcohol, result of the temperance movement

Question 15

Transcendentalism

Answer 15

1. Truth “transcends” the senses, every person has an inner light to illuminate truth
2. Emerson- self reliance and improvement
3. Thoreau- civil disobedience

Question 16

Utopian Communities

Answer 16

1. Mormons- religious communal effort

2. New Harmony- socialist community to answer problems of industrialization

Question 17

Cotton in the South

Answer 17

1. Cotton gin makes cash crop economy more profitable
2. Northern industries begin demanding southern cotton
3. Slavery expands as slaves are brought to the deep south to grow more cotton

Question 18

Antebellum South

Answer 18

1. Most defend slavery due to social hierarchy
2. Plantation owners control politics
3. Lack of immigration to the south due to competition for land

Question 19

Nat Turner Rebellion

Answer 19

1. Only one to kill southern whites

Question 20

Liberty Party (1840)

Answer 20

Abolitionist, best way to deal with issue is through politics

Question 21

Gag Resolution (1836-44)

Answer 21

Ban on anti slavery petitions in Congress, overturned by John Quincy Adams.