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APUSH > Colonial America > Flashcards

Colonial America Flashcards

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1
Q

5 nations

A

Native Americans in the Middle Colonies ally themselves for mutual protection and defense.

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2
Q

Bill of Rights

A

freedoms/ things the government can’t do

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3
Q

Admiralty Courts

A
  1. If a person is found guilty of a crime, judge gets to keep all their stuff
  2. Creates motive for a person to be found guilty, making trial unfair.
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4
Q

English Bill of Rights

A

Includes freedom of speech and freedom to bear arms.

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5
Q

Habeas Corpus Act (1679)

A

Gives rights as an Englishman when accused of a crime.

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6
Q

Ann Bradstreet

A

English Puritan poet, wrote about the trials of being a woman.

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7
Q

Great Awakening

A
  1. Increase in passion for religion, first American social movement that included all colonists.
  2. Promotes the idea that ordinary people can understand the gospel themselves. Supporters- new lights
  3. Impacts- new universities formed based on religion, religious diversity as new churches formed, strengthened calls for separation of church and state.
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8
Q

Magna Carta

A

Limits the power of the British king, forcing them to consult Parliament.

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9
Q

Roanoke

A
  1. First colony, founded in Virginia by Walter Raleigh

2. All colonists mysteriously disappeared

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10
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A
  1. After Nathaniel Bacon’s house was burned down and his family was murdered, House of Burgesses refuse to fight Native Americans.
  2. Starts rebellion because the ruling class doesn’t support the lower class.
  3. Leads to transition to slave labor as indentured servants are becoming inconvenient and causing more tension as they demand land, and can’t enslave NA.
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11
Q

Indentured servants

A
  1. Sell yourself into slavery for a specific period of time.

2. Many people did this to get to America for free, and were able to get free land once they were free.

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12
Q

House of Burgesses

A
  1. First representative democracy in North America.

2. Rich landowners (Burgesses) represent poor people and vote on new projects and taxes.

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13
Q

John Rolfe

A
  1. Replaces John Smith

2. Brings tobacco, which functions as a cash crop and allows more colonists to arrive.

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14
Q

John Smith

A

Saves Jamestown by forcing everyone to work and establishing a relationship with neighboring Native American tribe.

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15
Q

Jamestown

A
  1. Founded by the Virginia company, first priority was to look for gold.
  2. Increased demand for land for crops caused tension with local Powhatan tribe, but the tribe is eventually wiped out by disease.
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16
Q

Primengenture

A
  1. Oldest male inherits everything when father dies.

2. Younger sons don’t get much, leading them to seek opportunities in the new world.

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17
Q

Enclosure System

A

Formerly public land enclosed by fences, anyone that had lived there had to find new land.

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18
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

List of rules all colonists agree to abide by, first example of direct democracy in America.

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19
Q

“City on a Hill”

A
  1. Attempted to convince everyone that Boston (Massachusetts Bay Colony) was a great city.
  2. Appealed to Europeans, causing mass migration
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20
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A
  1. Puritan, questioned the role of women in the church

2. Antinominism- if you accept God, you have an inner light.

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21
Q

Half-way Covenant

A

Promise to go to church when possible in order to receive the same privileges as church members.

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22
Q

Peter Stuyvesant

A
  1. Strict Dutch military general

2. Disliked by everyone in New Netherlands (New York).

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23
Q

Molasses Act

A
  1. Tax on molasses

2. Used to make rum, which is very popular

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24
Q

Currency Act

A

Tax on events that require official stamps (death, marriage).

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25
Q

Pontiac’s Rebellion

A

War against English settlers.

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26
Q

Jonathan Edwards

A
  1. Writes sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
  2. Preaches that God doesn’t care about you, and everyone will go to hell.
  3. Persuaded more people to go to church
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27
Q

George Whitefield

A

Very influential preacher who increased passion in religion.

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28
Q

John Winthrop

A
  1. Leader of Puritans

2. Publishes “City on the Hill”

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29
Q

Puritans

A

Believe society can be fixed.

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30
Q

Farming Revolution

A
  1. Previously, diet was mainly starch and land was cleared by hand.
  2. The plow is invented, creating less work, and more available seeds creates more food.
  3. Causes a population increase.
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31
Q

Protestant Reformation

A
  1. Martin Luther is excommunicated for 95 theses, creates his own church
  2. Religious violence due to different beliefs.
32
Q

Thomas Hooker

A

Establishes colony in Connecticut, writes the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

33
Q

Pilgrims/ separatists (4)

A
  1. Separate from Catholic Church because of corruption
  2. Can achieve perfection on Earth- leave England to establish a Utopia.
  3. Very firmly believe in 10 Commandments
  4. Completely separate from everyone else.
34
Q

Calvinism

A

Predestination- your fate is already determined no matter what.

35
Q

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

A
  1. First constitution in the Americas.

2. Rules for how to govern themselves.

36
Q

Congregationalism

A

Each neighborhood had its own church independent of others.

37
Q

Roger Williams

A
  1. Thought taking land from Native Americans for Boston was wrong and questioned Puritan leaders
  2. Founded new colony in Rhode Island (Providence)
  3. Calls for separation of church and state, establishes first colony with complete religious freedom
38
Q

Holy Experiment

A

William Penn allows religious freedom in Pennsylvania.

39
Q

How was Pennsylvania different from other colonies?

A
  1. Generous with land- free 500 acres
  2. Full religious freedom
  3. Shipping connections with Europe.
  4. More rights for women and better treatment of NA
  5. Representative assembly
40
Q

Mercantilism

A
  1. Colonies exist for enrichment of mother country
  2. Results in England passing acts to regulate trade to England’s benefit, angering the colonies
  3. Good impacts- colonial shipbuilding developed, protection of British military, Chesapeake colonies have monopoly over English tobacco market
  4. Bad impacts- colonial manufacturing doesn’t develop due to forced purchases from England, and farmers are forced to accept lower prices for crops.
41
Q

Patroon System

A
  1. Dutch system, supposed to stimulate agricultural development.
  2. Feudal estates run by proprietors who imported supplies and tenants.
42
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A
  1. Present day Boston, New England colony
  2. Religious motives- Puritans settle there to establish a model society for others
  3. No religious freedom.
  4. Church going males can participate in town hall meetings- direct democracy
  5. Mixed economy of agriculture and commerce
  6. Education and family considered very important
43
Q

What was Colombus’ role in persuading Europeans to come to America?

A

Brought new goods to Spain, making exploring profitable and Spain powerful. Europeans also wanted to colonize in order to gain money, power, or to convert the native population to Christianity.

44
Q

New England Confederation

A
  1. (1643)- Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island agree to ally themselves against military threats
  2. Metacom’s war results in Wampanoag tribe being defeated and is the end of major resistance to New England colonies.
45
Q

Enumerated Articles

A

What you couldn’t sell to foreign countries (cotton, lumber).

46
Q

Middle Colonies

A
  1. Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware
  2. Bread basket- grew wheat and corn to provide food for colonies, also had a commerce based economy
  3. Very diverse religiously and ethnically
47
Q

Maryland Act of Toleration

A

Tolerance of other religions (in Christianity) in state constitution. Maryland was the second Chesapeake colony and was a proprietorship.

48
Q

Proclamation Act (1763)

A
  1. No one gets Ohio River Valley (colonists or Native Americans).
  2. Created to stop tension with Native Americans, but colonists openly defy it.
49
Q

Treaty of Paris (1763)

A
  1. Ends French and Indian War

2. Return French islands, British gets sovereignty over half of North America.

50
Q

John Peter Zenger

A
  1. Editor of newspaper who sued for slander.

2. Trial establishes concept of freedom of press.

51
Q

Albany Plan of Union

A
  1. Proposed by Ben Franklin
  2. Counter French expansion, have one colonial government to manage trade and defense.
  3. Fails, but sets precedent for future meetings and cooperation
52
Q

Navigation Acts

A
  1. Says who you can sell goods to and how you can sell them. Certain goods must be sold to England.
  2. Can’t trade with Dutch or French
  3. Use British ships, pass through English ports
53
Q

Molasses/ Sugar Act (1764)

A
  1. Tax on sugar
  2. Ensures colonists would be convicted for smuggling.
  3. Many merchants make money from sugar, vow to evade act.
54
Q

What caused the French and Indian War?

A
  1. British traders draw Native Americans away from French trading posts.
  2. French build more forts and the British try to reassert authority, causing fighting to break out.
55
Q

Petition of Rights (1628)

A

Rights as an Englishman- no imprisonment without a trial, don’t have to provide housing or food for soldiers.

56
Q

Southwest Native American tribes

A
  1. Pueblo tribes

2. Lived in arid land, used irrigation to grow crops

57
Q

Great Plains Native American tribes

A
  1. Sioux tribes

2. Lived a nomadic lifestyle hunting buffalo due to lack of natural resources

58
Q

Atlantic coast/ Northeast tribes

A
  1. Iroquois tribes

2. Permanent villages, mixed agricultural and hunter gatherer society

59
Q

Colombian Exchange

A
  1. Caused by arrival of Columbus
  2. Exchange of disease, food, ideas between Africa, Europe and the Western Hemisphere. Example: maize from the Americas transforms European diet
60
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A
  1. Spain and Portugal agree to divide the Western Hemisphere
61
Q

Encomienda System

A
  1. Spanish colonists in Florida receive land with native people
  2. Natives forced to carry out slave labor in mining and agriculture and converted to Christianity
62
Q

Pope’s Rebellion (1680)

A
  1. Causes death of Spanish colonists and destruction of Catholic churches in New Mexico
  2. Forces the Spanish to be more accepting of Native American traditions
63
Q

How was Spanish, French, and Dutch colonization different from English colonization?

A

While other European countries had relationships and intermarried with the native people, the English didn’t intermarry or have trade alliances.

64
Q

Southern Colonies

A
  1. Plantations with cash crops (rice, tobacco, sugar)
  2. Hierarchy of wealthy elite who dominated politics
  3. Dependent on slaves for plantation labor
  4. Consisted of Georgia, North and South Carolina, the Caribbean
65
Q

Plymouth

A
  1. New England colony
  2. Religious motives- break from Anglican church
  3. Establish Mayflower Compact based on majority rule
66
Q

Dominion of New England (1686)

A
  1. Implemented to increase royal control over the colonies

2. Andros appointed to supervise colonies and becomes unpopular due to enforcing Navigation Acts.

67
Q

Triangular Trade

A

Slaves and goods moving from Africa, Caribbean, and the colonies.

68
Q

Middle Passage

A
  1. Dehumanizing trip from Africa to the Western Hemisphere
  2. Many slaves go to the Caribbean to grow sugarcane
  3. Slavery based on feelings of white superiority
69
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A
  1. Rich women accused of being witches by farmers

2. Reflects tension over changing colonies (religious to profit driven commercialism).

70
Q

Glorious Revolution (1688)

A
  1. James the 2nd is overthrown, and William and Mary take the throne.
  2. Limits power of English monarchy, and colonists begin resisting the Dominion of New England.
71
Q

Dutch, Spanish and French settlements in North America

A
  1. French- Quebec, 1608. Fur trading economy, Catholic missionaries.
  2. New Amsterdam is taken over by England. Diverse colony.
  3. The Spanish are sparsely populated in North America
72
Q

What is significant about 1763?

A

After the Treaty of Paris, salutary neglect ended and the relationship between the colonies and England changed. England began taxing the colonies to relieve war debts.

73
Q

Paxton Boys

A

Scots-Irish settlers who who attack random Native Americans.

74
Q

British views (1763)

A
  1. Disappointed in colonial military efforts
  2. Think the colonists are unwilling or unable to defend themselves on the frontier
  3. The French and Indian war started in the colonies and benefit the colonists, so they should pay for it
  4. Began to assume direct control over the colonies
75
Q

Colonists’ views (1763)

A
  1. Felt they contributed to the defense of the colonies in all royal wars
  2. Want to access the new frontier land the French vacated, think the British are violating their right to do so.

APUSH (16 decks)

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