Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DS4101 > W6 - Soft Tissue Calcification Part II - Amar > Flashcards

W6 - Soft Tissue Calcification Part II - Amar Flashcards

1
Q

general note**

A

Always add negative findings when describing pathology

Ex. “no evidence of calcification”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a phlebolith?

A

Calcified thrombi found in vasculature of cavernous hemangiomas

  • in the head and neck regions, phleboliths always indicate the presence of hemangioma
  • Most frequently seen in cheek
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

multiple phleboliths in cavernous hemangioma

  • radiograph of pts cheek
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

multiple phleboliths on RHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the periphery and shape of phleboliths

A

Round/oval shape

Up to 6mm in diameter

Smooth periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the internal structure of phleboliths

A
  • Can appear as homogeneously radiopaque
  • More frequently - laminations - bulls eye look
  • May have radiolucent centre - remaining patent portion of vessel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is diagnosing phleboliths important for dentists?

A

Identifying phleboliths will identify possible vascular lesion (haemangioma)

  • Critical if surgical procedures are in tx plan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the triticeous cartilage?

A

between greater cornu of hyoid and superior horn of thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes triticeous cartilage calcifications?

A

Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Periphery and shape of triticious cartilage calcification

A

7-9 mm in length

2-4 mm in width

Periphery is well-defined and smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does triticious cartilage calcification appear radiographically? (OPG)

A

Within pharyngeal air space

Inferior to greater cornu of hyoid

Adjacent to superior border of C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

Triticeous cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Differential diagnosis of calcified triticeous cartilage

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Managment of calcified triticeous cartilage

A

No tx required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the arrows pointing towards?

A

Black - epiglottis

White - Thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rhinolith vs Antrolith

A

Rhinolith

  • in nose
  • deposition of mineral salts around nidus
  • nidus is exogenous foreign body (ex. bead)

Antrolith

  • in antrum
  • deposition of mineral salts around nidus
  • nidus is endogenous (root tip, bone fragment)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms of rhinolith/antrolith

A
  • Initially asymptomatic
  • As it grows → pain, congestion, ulceration
  • Unilateral purulent rhinorrhea
  • Sinusitis
  • Headace
  • Epistaxis
  • Nasal obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

rhinolith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Periphery and shape of rhinolith

A

Variety of shapes and sizes

Well-defined smooth or irregular borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

antrolith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A

antrolith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

rhinolith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Differential diagnosis of rhinolith and antrolith

A

Osteoma

Root fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Managment of rhinolith / antrolith

A

Referral to GP / ENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the 3 conditions associated with ossification of the styloid ligament
If it measures more than 30 mm → pathology ## Footnote **Styloid chain ossification** **Eagle's syndrome** **Styloid syndrome**
26
Pt is \>40 yo Hard pointed structure discovered via palpation over tonsil Symptomless Dx?
Styloid chain ossification Giveaway is the asymptomatic
27
Pt has vague nagging to intense pain in pharynx when swallowing, turning head and opening mouth (yawn) Pt had tonsillectomy recently Dx?
**Eagle's Syndrome** * Elongated styloid process pressing on scar tissue from neck trauma causes symptoms by pressing on **glossopharyngeal nerve**
28
Pt has vague nagging to intense pain in pharynx when swallowing, turning head and opening mouth (yawn) No history of trauma Pt has attacks of otalgia, tinnitus, temporal headaches and vertigo Dx?
Stylohyoid (carotid artery) syndrome
29
What causes the pain and symptoms in stylohyoid syndrome
Mechanical irritation of sympathetic nerve tissue in arterial wall * causes regional carotidynia (unilateral tenderness of carotid artery)
30
Could be: 1. Styloid chain ossification 2. Eagle's syndrome 3. Stylohyoid syndrome Depending on pt history
31
Significance of size of these calcifications
**Doesn't matter** May or may not induce symptoms Depends on whether its impinging on glossopharyngeal nerve
32
Could be: 1. Styloid chain ossification 2. Eagle's syndrome 3. Stylohyoid syndrome Depending on pt history
33
Describe the internal structure of styloid ligament ossification conditions
Homogenously radiopaque
34
Differential diagnosis of styloid process conditions
TMJ - pain on opening However, ther will be no radiographic evidence for TMJ
35
Managment of styloid conditions
Referral to ENT for amputation of stylohyoid process
36
37
Nothing wrong Normal variation of mx sinus
38
Nothing wrong Normal variation of maxillary sinus
39
Features of mucositis (symptoms, tx, radiographic appearance)
* Asymptomatic * No tx required * R/F - non corticated band paralleling the bony wall of the sinus
40
Mucositis 2-4mm is normal \>4 mm is pathological mucositis (still asymptomatic)
41
**Maxillary sinusitis** What is it? Causes?
Generalised inflammation of sinus mucosa Caused by allergens, bac, virus **Inflammation from dental origin in 10% of cases -** *will require dental tx*
42
What is pansinusitis?
All sinuses involved
43
Acute vs chronic sinusitis
Acute - \<2 weeks Chronic - \>3 months
44
Clinical features of acute sinusitis
* Stuffiness * Clear nasal discharge or pharyngeal drainage * Pain/tenderness/swelling over involved sinus * Effect on dental aspect
45
Dental manifestations of acute sinusitis
* Pain may be referred to premolar and molar teeth on affected side * Teeth may be TTP * Nothing wrong with teeth (vital, healthy)
46
What to do in clinic to ensure acute sinusitis is not actually dental related
* Get pt to jump → if this causes pain in tooth → sinus problem * No caries * No perio pockets
47
Clinical features of chronic sinusitis
No external signs Except during periods of acute exacerbations → increased pain and discomfort
48
How can you test for chronic sinusitis clinically
Ask pt to bend down head for 2-3 minutes, Ask if they have pain in the mx sinus area Palpate each side **individually** and ask if there is pain
49
Radiographic features of sinusitis (5)
* **Localised mucosal thickening on sinus floor** * Generalised thickening around entire wall of sinus * Complete **radiopacity** of sinus * **Uniform cloudiness** in sinus * **Fluid level** seen (lowest portion of sinus)
50
Sinusitis *note the cloudiness and haze*
51
Treatment for sinusitis
Refer to GP / ENT
52
Sinusitis *Air-fluid level in mx sinus*
53
How are retention pseudocysts formed
Blockage of secretory ducts of seromucous glands in sinus mucosa * Ducts in sinus frequently get blocked in winter (cold) → mucin builds up
54
**Retention pseudocyst** Why is it a pseudocyst Symptoms Tx
Pseudocyst bc it does not have epithelial lining Asymptomatic until if completely fills mx sinus No tx required - self limiting
55
Radiographic appearance of retention pseudocyst
* ranges from finger tip size to full sinus * Non corticated, dome shaped radiopacity in the antrum
56
Retention pseudocyst
57
Retention pseudocyst
58
Retention pseudocyst
59
Treatment of retention pseudocyst
If small - no tx, CBCT not required, recommended monitoring if symptomatic If large - CBCT and remove vis endoscopic sinus surgery and curettage
60
**Features of mucocele** Symptoms Location Cause
* Painful, expanding, destructive lesion * Ethmoidal, frontal and maxillary sinuses * Caused by a blocked sinus ostium
61
Where does the mx sinus open
Middle meatus
62
Mucocele * note the radiopacity causing expansion and thinning of the walls
63
Pneumatization of mx sinus * normal response to extracted teeth
64
What should be written on radiograph report regarding pneumatisation of sinus ## Footnote **Exam question**
"if extractions or implants or any surgical intervention in this area, there is maxillary sinus pneumatisation- **take special care**"
65
Pneumsatisation of maxillary sinus (RHS) \*notice it dropping down
66
**Periostitis** * Sinus floor has lifted as result of inflammation * will drop back down after inflammation is resolved
67
How to differentiate a cyst from the floor of the antrum
Cyst - borders are smooth, straight, clear outline Sinus - irregular outline Aspiration yield yellow straw colored fluid & subsequent injection of **radiopaque contrast medium will remain in the cyst** rather than **drain out through the ostium**
68
**Periapical cyst** * Uniform radiolucency bordered by thin well defined radiopaque margin that pushes mx sinus upward * Non vital tooth
69
Write an OPG report
70
**Periapical cyst** * Uniform radiolucency bordered by thin well defined radiopaque margin that pushes mx sinus upward * Non vital tooth

DS4101 (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions